Some advantages and disadvantages of internet Essay Example for Free

Some advantages and disadvantages of network EssayThe internet which was once just a little puddle, now, have become an ocean an ocean of knowledge. It is resembling a magical crystal ball which has an answer for any question of yours and the best thing slightly it is it is completely free. I know how much I have learnt from the internet. How internet is better than books when it comes to knowledge? The answer to this would be the infinity of the internet. Plus, apart from this, learning from internet is much more fun. You have all kinds of boob tubes about basically every topic that you put forward imagine of. DisadvantagesIf availability of knowledge helps mountain to do good things, it is also, a help for evil. There are thousands of websites which tells you slip way of life to make a bomb or how to commit suicide. People even learn how to hack websites from the internet. Communication Advantages Another amazing thing about the internet is the communication that it ma kes possible. some of the business firms communicate with each other with the help of e-mails. It is not only a faster way but also the safer way too. With internet you can video chat with a person who might be in some other continent as of yours.Disadvantages We are acquire so office to of virtual communication that we are lacking a physical contact with our acquaintances. It is separating us from the real world around us, which I recover smothers the development of personality of an individual. Smaller World Advantage Due to internet our world is becoming smaller and smaller. Computers which are affiliated to internet are connected to each other. This facilitates the transfer of a file or even a folder from one computer to another. Disadvantage Due to this connection your personal selective information can be stolen from your computer.Various kinds of virus, malware, and spyware enter your computer via internet. Convenience Advantages With the help of the internet we can do a lmost everything at home. We can do everything from gainful bills to buying airline tickets, from finding jobs to ordering stuff. It sure saves us lots of time in this busy and competitive world. Apart from this, it also saves us verve so that you can put that energy to more productive things. Disadvantages Like every technology, internet too reduces your effort but in return it takes a toll on your health.As you can get practically everything sitting at your home you dont go around physically. So, your physical performance goes to nil. I believe any type of transaction that you do on internet is unsafe. Hackers can suck all of your lifes savings if you use internet banking services. Virtual Information Advantage With more people relying on internet for getting information the usage of books will also reduce. This will lower deforestation and will prove eco-friendly. Disadvantage If people will choose internet over books this will increase the energy consumption.Jobs Business A dvantage Thousands of people are using internet to get their bread and butter. There are all types of jobs available on the internet from data entering to translation. Websites and blogs are exclusively internet based businesses and from what I know people are earning quite a healthy amount of money from it. You just need an idea and great determination to pull it off. Disadvantage To tell you the truth I dont think there is a valid disadvantage to this but if I be a little strict a low wage might be one.I some cases, it depends upon the country in which you reside American and Europeans are paid highest. Entertainment Advantage I think more than anything mentioned above entertainment is the thing for which the internet is used. You can find almost every song made anywhere in the world on the internet and same is for movies. All sorts of multiplayer games can be played with an opponent who might be on the other side of the world thanks to internet. Disadvantage Internet has encour aged the concept of piracy.Due to this, the individual or the production house or the music label that produces a particular piece of music/movie/video game ends up with a hole in their profits. Asking a question Advantage If there is a question in your nous of which no answer can be found neither in the books nor on the internet itself then, there are lots of sites available in which you can put a question and there will be millions of people respond it. As you dont need to reveal any identity to do so you can ask the most embarrassing questions. DisadvantageMost of the people answering these questions are not qualified professionals. This leads to lot of myths spreading around. Data Storage Advantage There are lots of sites on which you can store your vital data by paying a small rent of the hard disk that it takes. For very important things analogous wedding video or pictures which you dont want to lose can be stored there because crashing of the hard drive is not a very rare bulk now a days. Disadvantage We have seen endless number of times in history that these kinds of sites have been compromised by hackers.This creates a fear in the mind of users about the secrecy of their content. Social networking sites Advantages Social networks have changed our lives. It is like a virtual world. I personally think if you have an account in a social networking website then you are never alone. There is always something happening. I think the best part of social networking websites is, they can sometimes work like a support group because I feel someone can tell what they feel and people listen to it. It is like an outlet for your emotions, which, if kept within screws an individual mind.

Marketing Plan Chevrolet Essay Example for Free

Marketing Plan Chevrolet EssayA public presentation appraisal is a review and discussion of an employees performance of assigned duties and responsibilities. The appraisal is based on results obtained by the employee in his/her blood line, not on the employees personality characteristics. The appraisal measures skills and accomplishments with reasonable true statement and uniformity. It provides a way to help identify aras for performance enhancement and to help promote professional growth. It should not, however, be considered the supervisors only communication tool. Open lines of communication throughout the year help to make effective working relationships. In Chevrolet each employee is entitled to a thoughtful and c arful appraisal. The success of the process depends on the supervisors testamentingness to empty a constructive and objective appraisal and on the employees willingness to respond to constructive suggestions and to work with the supervisor to reach future tendencys. In Chevrolet it is beta for them to give the bliss of their customers as originate of their business.As the accompany needed employees who will help them in obtaining their goals, they make sure to have excellent agents or dealers to gain much customers in market. The proceedss which they offer to their buyers are based to the performances of their car dealers and agents who sell their products. As having an integrated performance appraisal, the Chevrolet handle their employees with a synchronization on their wariness that will help them to comprise to a greater extent strategies, goals of the company and the right plan for them to be marketable in their business. Chevrolet has their records of their sales on their cars and the level of performances of their dealers and agents. As managing a business that needed to sell in a high speak to of prices but giving customers a satisfaction and good value of their products, the company unavoidably to check and monitor the employee who sells and market the products. Periodic reviews help the supervisors of Chevrolet gain a better understanding of each employees abilities. The goal of the review process is to recognize extend toment, to measure job progress, and then to design training for the further growing of skills and strengths. A careful review will stimulate employees interest and improve job performance.The review provides the employee, the supervisor, the Vice President, and Human Resources a critical, formal feedback mechanism on an annual basis however these discussions should not be restricted solely to a formal annual review. Annually, the appropriate supervisor evaluates each employees performance. In the case where an employee has changed jobs part-way through the appraisal period, some(prenominal) of the employees supervisors during the appraisal period should give an appraisal of the employees performance. During the performance evaluation process, the most recent job descript ion on file with Human Resources will be reviewed and updated if necessary, by both the employee and the supervisor. The Chevrolet employees are reviewed for a salary amplification, annually. The amount of the salary increase pool of cash is recommended by the administration and approved by the Board of Trustees.The method for allocating funds is based on rewarding meritorious performance. Merit increases will be awarded on a pay-for-performance basis and are based on individual performance. When apply as intended, a pay-for-performance structure contacts the goal of rewarding truly top performers with merit increases that match their givements and contributions. These bases of performances of the employees are one way of recognizing the job that they worked hard for the company. The company wanted to increase the level of good feel services for their employees for them to have the loyalty of their customers. This reward to their dealers and agents are persuading them to enhan ce the ability and performances in marketing their products. The goal of Chevrolet is to give satisfaction and needs to their customers and to their future buyers.The companys Performance Appraisal nookie help the company to obtain the future(a) objectives To maintain records in order to determine compensation packages, wage structure, salaries raises, etc and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of employees to place right men on right job, to maintain and assess the potential present in a person for further growth and development, to provide a feedback to employees regarding their performance and related status, to provide a feedback to employees regarding their performance and related status. It also serves as a basis for influencing working habits of the employees and to review and retain the promotional and other training programmes. It is said that performance appraisal is an investment for the company which open fire be justify by following advantages Performance Appra isal helps the supervisors to chalk out the promotion programmes for efficient employees. In this regards, inefficient workers can be dismissed or demoted in case. It can help in chalking out compensation packages for employees.Merit rating is possible through performance appraisal. Performance Appraisal tries to give worth to a performance. Compensation packages which include bonus, high salary rates, extra benefits, allowances and pre-requisites are dependent on performance appraisal. The criteria should be merit rather than seniority. The systematic procedure of performance appraisal helps the supervisors to frame training policies and programmes. It helps to analyse strengths and weaknesses of employees so that new jobs can be designed for efficient employees. It also helps in framing future development programmes. Performance Appraisal helps the supervisors to understand the validity and importance of the selection procedure. The supervisors come to know the validity and thereb y the strengths and weaknesses of selection procedure.Future changes in selection methods can be do in this regard. For an organization, effective communication between employees and employers is very important. Through performance appraisal, communication can be sought for in the following slipway the employers can understand and accept skills of subordinates the subordinates can also understand and create a trust and confidence in superiors. It also helps in maintaining friendly and congenial labor management relationship. It develops the spirit of work and boosts the morale of employees. All the above factors ensure effective communication. The Performance appraisal of the company serves as a motivation tool. Through evaluating performance of employees, a persons efficiency can be determined if the targets are achieved. This very well motivates a person for better job and helps him to improve his performance in the future.Life circle CostingThe Life cycle costing is a method of calculating the rack up cost of a physical asset throughout its life. Life-cycle costing is concerned with all costs of ownership and takes account of the costs incurred by an asset from its accomplishment to its disposal, including design, installation, run, and livelihood costs. thither are four major benefits of Life Cycle Cost analysis and it is evaluation of competing options in purchasing, improved awareness of total costs, more accurate forecasting of cost profiles and performance trade-off against cost.When the Chevrolet is planning the acquisition of a major asset, organizations spend considerable time and effort in devising an economic evaluation of the initial (capital) cost. This evaluation typically considers the required size or capacity of the item, operating performance requirements, physical appearance or moving-picture show projected, the capital cost, and alternative product options.The company future costs are less visible, as they are often hidden withi n general operating expenses, but they can have a significant impact on the future viability of the organization. The scale of these costs depends on the level and frequency of usage of the asset.There are also broader environmental implications that flow from the decision to acquire a major asset. Resources are used during the creation, operation and disposal phases, with the potential to affect environmental sustainability, and there may also be direct environmental impacts. The study of these broader issues is often termed life-cycle assessment. This guide does not specifically address these broader issues but they should be part of a complete assessment of the merit of a specific project.The determination of costs is an integral part of the asset management process and is a prevalent element of many of the asset managers tools, particularly Economic Appraisal, Financial Appraisal, Value Management, Risk Management and Demand Management. Growing pressure to achieve better outcom es from assets means that ongoing operating and maintenance costs must be considered as they consume more resources over the assets service life. Both the capital and the ongoing operating and maintenance costs must be considered wherever asset management decisions involving costs are made. This is the Life Cycle Cost approach.Quality CostingImproving quality is considered by many to be the best way to enhance customer satisfaction, to reduce manufacturing costs and to increase productivity. whatsoever serious attempt to improve quality must take into account the costs associated with achieving quality, since nowadays it does not suffice to meet customer requirements, it must be done at the lowest possible cost as well. This can only happen by reducing the costs needed to achieve quality, and the step-down of these costs is only possible if they are identified and measured. The identification itself is not straightforward because there is no general agreement on a single broad de finition of quality costs.However, according to Dale and Plunkett (1995), it is now widely accepted that quality costs are the costs incurred in the design, implementation, operation and maintenance of a quality management system, the cost of resources committed to continuous improvement, the costs of system, product and service failures, and all other necessary costs and non-value added activities required to achieve a quality product or service. Measuring and reporting these costs should be considered a critical issue for any manager who aims to achieve fighting in todays markets. These are costs that can be only estimated such as profits not earned because of woolly customers and reduction in revenue owing to non- setance. The importance of opportunity and in glaring costs for quality costing has been recently emphasized in the literature.The practice of costing quality is the combination of two important elements the first is to analyse the cost of each part of a process and i dentify areas where savings may be made the second is the right first time approach. Of course people dont just need to do things right, they need to be sure they are doing the right things.The aim of a quality costing process is to maximize quality while minimizing cost. A sound quality costing programme will measure the cost of quality aim to control and reduce it and, continually monitor it as a measure of progress.The process of quality costing is, on the whole, one of negative analysis instead of strengths, it looks for weaknesses. This may be a painful exercise, be prepared for that. But remember that by identifying costs you can take steps to reduce them. Ignoring ineffectiveness and poor quality is rather like the ostrich approach to management if I dont envision it, it wont hurt me.It is useful to bear in mind that the best business with which to compare quality costs is your own. If you introduce quality cost measurement activities twice a year you will soon have data t o compare.The Chevrolet cost categories in the quality planning is one of the most important and had prioritized by the company for them to achieved customer satisfaction. The company offer products with good materials to maintain the quality but with affordable prices. The companys prevention costs nutrition activities whose purpose is to reduce the number of defects. Chevrolet employs many techniques to prevent defects, for example statistical process control, quality engineering, training, and a variety of tools from total quality management (TQM). saloon costs include activities relating to quality circles and statistical process control.Quality circles consist of small groups of employees that meet on a regular basis to discuss ways to improve quality. Both management and workers are included in these circles. An out of control process results in defective units and may be caused by a miscalibrated machine or some other factor. In statistical process control, workers use char ts to monitor the quality of units that pass through their workstations. With these charts, workers can quickly greet processes that are out of control and that are creating defects. Problems can be immediately corrected and further defects prevented rather than waiting for an inspector to catch the defect later.Any defective parts and products should be caught as early as possible in the production process in the company. Appraisal costs, which are sometimes called surveillance costs, are incurred to identify defective products before the products are shipped to customers. Unfortunately performing appraisal activates doesnt keep defects from happening again and most managers realize now that maintaining an military of inspectors is a costly and ineffective approach to quality control. Employees are increasingly being asked to be responsible for their own quality control. This approach along with conception products to be easy to manufacture properly, allows quality to be built into products rather than relying on inspections to get the defects out.Failure costs are incurred when a product fails to conform to its design specifications. Failure costs can be either internal or external. Internal failure costs result from identification of defects before they are shipped to customers. These costs include scrap, rejected products, reworking of defective units, and downtime caused by quality problem. This also experienced by the company and the more effective the companys appraisal activities the greater the fate of catching defects internally and the greater the level of internal failure costs. This is the price that is paid to avoid incurring external failure costs, which can be scourge for the company.When a defective product is delivered to customer, external failure cost is the result. External failure costs include warranty, repairs and replacements, product recalls, liability arising from legal actions against a company, and lost sales arising from a r eputation for poor quality. Such costs can decimate profits. External failure costs usually give rise to other intangible asset cost. These intangible costs are hidden costs that involve the companys image. They can be three or four times greater than tangible costs. Missing a deadline or other quality problems can be intangible costs of quality. Internal failure costs, external failure costs and intangible costs that impair the goodwill of the company occur due to a poor quality so these costs are also known as costs of poor quality by some persons.

Emerging Trends in Education

Emerging Trends in EducationFor individuals, the potential benefits lie in gen seasonl quality of flavor and in the sparing returns of sustained, satisfying employment. For countries, the potential benefits lie in economic festering and the development of sh ard values that confirm affable cohesion. This statement highlights the importance of tuition non only from individuals point of view but as well from the nations perspective.Through this project I would highlight the transposes in the pedagogicsal trends since years and the present scenario of train placement. A bureau from it I would also throw light on the future prospects of such changes. Education bleeds a write up role in individuals growth as well as in nations development. There argon certain factors which grow led to the changes in the commandal system like loosening, globalization, growing demand etc which would be discussed in detail in the later stages. This project would tell us that what argon t he major areas where changes in cultivation has interpreted place and in what form.CHAPTER 1REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe study on Online education and the ch allenge of MOTIVATION (Timothy .Arnold)This case examines the increasing importance of online education and some of the problems related with it due to a wider and spick-and-span concept. M any(prenominal) students get demotivated since online education scorees are a new education format, it also does not cause many of the known support systems that we can find in military position a tralatitious school structure. These support systems are what helps keep students motivated. Though online education is very(prenominal) important to be competitive but still due to lack of efficient faculty it is becoming a difficult concept for teaching. The lack of social interaction can also be a strong contributing factor for online education students easily losing the motivation to study.The case also tells us that problems could be overco med through identifying a goal and performance towards its attainment. This process helps you build up your pride in your accomplishments. It could also be overcomed by increasing chat with the instructors.The study on Benefits of Online Education And Degrees in IndiaThis case tells us coming age is of online education. Online education gives students an opportunity to learn greater control over their own enumeration compared to traditional education opportunities and settings. Time and m unrivalledy are two of everybodys most precious commodities these days. Online degrees have been wisely accepted in job market, most online students have no problem to use their online degree to start their career or find a job. Taking an online education score also saves time. Online education is a relatively new field that depends on the Internet to provide the economy of instruction to students.THE STUDY ON DISTANCE LEARNINGThrough this case I have analyzed that what student expects from o utgo education. It tells us that students who have family pressure and due to some reason can not attend regular classes, out quad learning / distance education is chief(prenominal)ly meant for those students. The reason for that, they did not want to leave their present job and want some success in their life after getting higher(prenominal) degree courses. if we talk slightly the number of colleges that offer distance learning, the list is like annamalai university, Delhi university, Panjab university, Guru Nanak Dev university, IGNOU, JAMIA HAMDARD university, Kurukshetra university are some of the famous distance learning centers that offers various types of distance education courses in the fields of arts, science, medical, accountancy, it, engineering and many to a greater extent. This shows that day by day distance learning is march oning its importance.THE STUDY ON ROLE OF EDUCATION IN economicS GROWTH (SANA)This case highlights that the growth of the economy and develo pment of a country is depending upon the education system of that particular country. European countries have already opened doors for international students and these countries are almodal values vehemence on improving their education structure, developing more colleges and universities on country side areas and always in a way to update their course content on regular basis.The study on higher(prenominal) Education in INDIA (BY Suma Chitnis)It concludes the era of how the higher education exist in India after the independenceFirst, higher education was to provide the manpower essential for economic growth and for an efficient delivery of services such as healthcare, transportation, communication and community welfare -considered basic to a developed auberge. And, it was to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the manner filld to place India on par with the developed serviceman.Second, higher education functions as an instrument of equality. It was recognized that the se objectives were the very opposite of those that universities had served in British India.ROLE OF unavowed SCHOOLS IN BASIC EDUCATION(ANURADHA DE, MANABI MAJUMADAR, MEERA SAMSON AND CLAIRE NORONHA)it tells us that private schools have been expanding rapidly in recent years. It cautions that increasing privatization allow for only increase the already strong gender bias in schooling. The number of private institutions is expected to increase, if government system is allowed to deteriorate further.CHAPTER 2INTRODUCTIONEducation is important not only for the full development of whizs personality, but also for the sustained growth of the nation. Education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring familiar knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. The growth of the economy and development of a country is depending upon the education system of that particular country. near of the de veloped countries and other developed European countries already open doors for students and these countries are always emphasis on improving their education structure, developing more colleges and universities on country side areas and always in a way to update their course content on regular basis.There have been some significant changes of emphasis surrounded by subjects, most notably the raising of the status of basic literacy and numeracy. Educations nowadays have been totally technology based. Online education, though a comparatively new system of delivering education, has come a long way to be recognized. More and more colleges and universities have started adding online courses as well as other forms of distance learning. As compared to other countries, India has also launched many types of contrasting degree courses offered by various universities and colleges of India. Like education degree courses have played an important role in improving and developing education secto r of India.Education is chosen to be the principal instrument for the countrys transformation from a poor, dependent, economically and technologically backward purple colony into an advanced nation. In the larger design for this transformation which calls for economic development as well as extensive social and political change higher education is attached very much importance.Education is the only possession no one can ever regard away from you. It offers a multiplicity of top quality education political platforms of interest to international students. Efforts to make learning more interactive and more fun for students appear promising.COMPARISON OF EDUCATIONAL TRENDS IN PRE ERA AND POST ERAIn contrast with the traditional situation in which program line staff develops courses on their own, and choose the way they teach and evaluate student progress (the instructor as king of his class) but now with the ever-changing times, learning environments of the future will be des igned by multi-disciplinary teams of experts. Experts in developing course material, programmers, graphical designers, and experts in assessment, all work together in designing rich modularized learning environments that offer alternative learning routes to different types of students.Earlier students focused more on the primary learning materials that was offered by commandment staff. But now the emphasis is on developing competencies needed to pose knowledge workers, and if work and learning are more interconnected, one expect learning environments to become more open. Students nowadays with the changing times go beyond the primary learning materials offered by teaching staff and are expected to explore independently other reading sources as well.With several educational options available to students today, newer trends are appear in this field which has completely changed the traditional held perceptions about education in India. Several career options that were earlier not considered to be traditional have emerged as the most sought after education and career options. Various career options in like radio jockeying, radio management, news anchoring, program anchoring, news reading and reporting for the electronic media, content writing, fashion designing, event management, hospital management, medical transcription etc, have opened up several newer avenues for education.traditional study courses like medicine, engineering and other subjects still have lots of demand. However, with the changing trends in the global and national economic scenario newer courses are fast emerging as alternative. The recent trends in education have certainly shown a deviation from the earlier trends.Online Education is fast becoming a major favorite(a) mode of education among students. Enrolling to regular courses is increasingly getting super competitive in India So online education and distance education has come as a wonderful alternative and several students opt for t his. Online education means web based learning, but in that respect is no universally accepted definition. nonpareil of the main reasons for this is the proviso that one can get degrees from various noteworthy universities from anywhere in India. Distance education is given through correspondence courses, where the student and the teacher are separated in time and s yard and sometimes both. Distance learning is doing a wonderful job by enabling the less advantaged sections of the society have an opportunity to get educated.CHANGES IN EDUCATIONAL TRENDSThere are profound changes going on in the educational system. Almost every vista of primary and secondary education has changed. These changes are needed because of ever growing pressure in the school systems themselves, partly because society itself is changing into one in which knowledge work becomes ever more important, and partly because of the very information and communication technologies which are transforming the economies . By confronting trends and technological developments, a new concept is emerged with a vision of a global learning infrastructure in which the role of schools and universities will be drastically changed, a radical transformation of the educational system. major reasons behind these changes are-Globalization and liberalizationChanges have led to more flexible learning arrangements.Education is under constant budget pressure, thus there is a need for more efficient and effective education.There are too many dropouts in the current educational system.Demand for more victor and skilled employees is increasing.Following are some of the examples of changes in educational trends-MOBILE LEARNING- Todays students expect constant access to information-in the classroom and beyond. As educators all over the world are discovering, mobile learning has solved many problems. Students devour engaging, customized curricula when its delivered on the iPod or iPhone.Audio and video podcasts let stud ents study at their own pace, wherever and whenever they want. matched COMPUTING- One-to-one computing means that every student or teacher is given to a estimator, the internet and software anytime and anywhere. This way they can make uttermost utilization of their time and become more efficient.PERSONALIZED LEARNING- Personalized Learning is a unique, blended classroom-based and non classroom-based public educational model that is tailored to the needs and interests of each individual student. The key attributes that comprise the Personalized Learning model are based upon how students learn most successfully, including a strong emphasis on enate gather upment, vitiateder class sizes, more one-on-one teacher and student interaction, attention to differences in learning styles, student-driven participation in developing the learning process, technology access, varied learning environments, teacher and parent development programs, and choices in course programs.VIDEO TRAINING- To enhance the quality of teaching and learning of pre-service training. The use of digital video was introduced. As a result of the use of video, trainees are able to improve their teaching performances in areas such as classroom management, group work, and motivation and presentation skills. particular EDUCATIONThe proposed changes to primary education try outk to ensure that students are equipped not just with content knowledge, but also with the necessary skills and values to boom out in a fast-changing and globalised future. They build on the strengths of the current system, and seek to raise primary education to a new level.ATTITUDE OF THE TEACHER-The most important brass of the approach is the attitude of the teacher, which highlights that learning is a form of play which fosters the blossoming of the childs natural development. Learning is made interesting, enjoyable, and full of fun. A large portion of the teaching materials are produced at the school by the teachers, wh o customize their teaching aids to suit the interests and knowledge levels of the students.HEALTH AND NUTRITION- First attention is given to the health and maintenance of the children to ensure that they have the physical energy and natural attention span needed for learning. Nutritional and medical supplements are provided to under-nourished children from low income families. Free exercising and play are encouraged to build strength and stamina.STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO IS KEPT VERY LOW- The student-teacher ratio is kept very low to enable the teacher to work with small groups of children at a time while others are absorbed in learning games or recreational play. The most effective ratio is 10 students per teacher during pre-school, LKG and UKG and twenty five students per teacher during standards 1 to 5. However, since the teaching methods are intense, each student actually needs to attend only 2 to 3 hours of class per day, enabling each teacher to effectively handle double the numb er of students.TEACHING CONFINED TO BRIEF PERIODS- Children learn spontaneously when their interest and curiosity are awakened. Teaching is confined to brief periods according to the natural attention span of each child, which is normally 15-30 minutes daily during the first two years. It is never extended beyond the childs span of interest.STORY TELLING- Story revealing is used to make learning fun and to communicate basic values of goodness, beauty, harmony, responsibility and right conduct. tuition on people and other living things, places, history, geography, and other cultures are presented to the child in the form of stories, pictorial information and explanations combined together to present facts in a living, integrated context rather than as a series of separate divorced subjects.NUMBER LINE METHOD- Rapid acquisition of basic maths skills is achieved through the use of number line method which enables the child to physically experiment and act out different combinations of addition and subtraction.HIGHER EDUCATIONHigher Education is not only a tool for economic development but a means of bolstering the confidence of a country and bringing about social change. Todays students are consumers looking for quality of service and recognition, access and equity, financing and cost, building of intellectual capital and capacity as well as indemnity coherence.QUALITY, ASSURANCE AND RECOGNITIONIt focuses on providing information and capacity to empower higher education stakeholders to make better informed decisions in the new world of higher education. This initiative aims to provide information to protect students from inadequate learning resources and low-quality provisions. Recognition refers to the acceptance of a overseas certificate, diploma or degree of higher education as a valid credential by the competent authorities and the granting to its holder the same rights enjoyed by persons who possess a national qualification for which the foreign one is assessed as comparable.DIGITAL LIBRARIES AND EDUCATION.More and more information is made available through the web. Search engines assure the accessibility of this material. Groupware allows synchronous communication between teachers and students worldwide.Online market seek is quick and easy, and this market information can be combined with transaction log data allowing institutions to monitor consumer (i.e., student) response on an ongoing basis.Through the Internet, course material can be offered independently of time and place. Modularization makes it possible to offer different and flexible learning routes.INTERNSHIPS AND INDUSTRIAL VISITSAdditions of internships and industrial visits have encouraged students to be more interactive and develop their skills in a better way. Industrial visits help students to take full advantage of learning opportunities and also helps students to become more effective and competitive. On the other hand by doing internship one can gain valuabl e work experience, apply classroom knowledge, gain confidence, increases interaction and creates opportunities to know and understand people better which would also help individual to be flexible.VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (VET)Due to vocational education more students are getting employment quickly as it involves more involvement of industry, internships and due to this there is also less efforts thats needs to be taken by the institutions in order to train employees as students are already well versed and familiar with the work to be undertaken so it helps industries to save their training costs.TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAs the technical education courses in India are quite diverse, the number of institutes providing technical courses in India is also huge. More than 33o universities and 18000 training colleges are providing technical education. Technical education is day by day becoming the need of the hour. Technical education is given importance because without technical educat ion one would not be able to handle work efficiently as would find it difficult to cope up with as changing world would involve more of technicalities and without much of its knowledge one cannot survive in industry for long.Nowadays technology is used as an additional tool for traditional teaching and learning processes and also technology is used as the center of an innovative teaching and learning processDISTANCE EDUCATIONOne of the main reasons for this is the provision that one can get degrees from various renowned universities from anywhere in India. Distance education is given through correspondence courses, where the student and the teacher are separated in time and space. Distance learning is enabling the less advantaged sections of the society have an opportunity to get educated. There are different types of distance learning options available to students. Some of them arePostal correspondence coursesinteractive CD-ROM coursespocket PC/mobile learning courseTelecourse/ bro adcast course through radio or television and synchronous or asynchronous internet courses.Just like online education, in distance education too, students will not have to relocate to new places or make any changes in their existing work.PRIVATE EDUCATIONThe concept of private education has been increasingly given importance. Private schools often provide superior results at a fraction of the unit cost of government schools. It has been pointed out that private schools cover the entire curriculum and offer extra-curricular activities such as science fairs, general knowledge, sports, music and drama.FACTORS LEADING TO CHANGE IN EDUCATIONAL TRENDSSeveral developments in the workplace, changes in student demographics, and the economic trends are forcing educational institutions to change.DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WORKPLACEEmployers are seeking employees who are technology and information literate.The education of new knowledge workers requires emphasis on information access, problem solving, analysis, evaluation, and decision making.Rapid change and uncertainty in the workplace encourages employers to seek individuals who already have the required skills.The increasing number of part-time workers require more flexible access to education.Knowing how to access information rather than memorizing information is central to coping with this rapid change.ECONOMIC PRESSURESEconomic pressures are one of the reason for educational change. As most of the faculty is already working as hard as they can. And by trying to get the faculty to work harder will not produce greater efficiency. Due to increasing demand and to reduce unemployment rate changes in education is necessary.COMPETITIONPrivate business has begun to see profit potential in offering short, inexpensive market-specific training that appears to be highly relevant to students. This training directly competes with traditional college programs.Access to the Internet allows learners to take courses virtually anywhere in t he world. There are currently hundreds of courses available from accredited North American colleges in all academic disciplines. Geographic kettle of fish is no longer relevant. Global competition is increasing constantly.INTERNATIONALIZATION, REGIONALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATIONInternationalization, regionalization and globalization are key factors that shape Higher Education. The development of regional education and research areas in various parts of the world challenges national values and cultures and calls for new regional instruments (e.g. for quality assurance and recognition). The specific challenges facing small states, whether island or landlocked, requires finical attention in the context of globalization.FUTURE PROSPECTSThe pace of change is mandating to produce a faster, smarter, better grade of human being. Future education system will be unleashed with the advent of a standardized rapid courseware-builder and a single point global distribution system.SUCCESSFUL ENTREP RENEURSWith the introduction of changes in education system it would give rise to successful entrepreneurs. As sound and capable executives are rendered completely ineffective in a startup environment but as the concept of provision of education has changed and more emphasis is laid on technical and managerial skills these executives are emerging or found more immensely.ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTChanges in education would also check to development of the nation as individuals would be more efficient and capable which would directly contribute to the nations growth and development. It would also lead to more innovations and raise the standard of living as individuals would be more organized. With more knowledge and high skills one would become highly competitive and could easily adapt in any part of the country. It would also lead to better functioning of the units.TECHNOLOGICAL ERAComing era would be technological era, The Information fester, also commonly known as the Computer Age, is an idea that the age will be characterized by the ability of individuals to transfer information freely, and to have instant access to knowledge that would have been difficult or impossible to find previously. The idea is linked to the concept of a Digital Age or Digital Revolution, and carries the ramifications of a shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialization, to an economy based around the manipulation of information.SKILLED AND extremely EFFICIENT WORKERSIt would also lead to highly skilled and efficient employees who have been provided quality education. The employees would carry a positive framework or outlook and would be very effective in their decision making and would also carry technical and managerial skills which would help them to be more productive and qualitative in nature.CHAPTER 3RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGYOBJECTIVESTo study the comparison of educational trends in the past era and the present scenario.To study the e ffects of changing educational trends on the Indian society.To study the changes in the present educational systemTo know about the factors leading to the change in the education.CHAPTER 4DATA ANALYSIS AND renderingDATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONIn this study I have analyzed that globalization has played a major role in changing educational system. Foreign culture has a direct impact on the country. The companies that are entering Indian market are looking for the individuals who are highly qualified and consists of a mix of technical and managerial skills i.e. person should have complete technical knowledge and must have skills of leadership and should also be highly efficient. Changed educational system would lead to successful entrepreneurs. And these Successful entrepreneurs would be those who innovate, plan strategically, hold the risk bearing ability and stand strong against all the stumbling blocks transform them into stepping stones by bringing sweeping changes and revolu tionizing.There had been lot many changes in the educational system whether it is incase of primary or higher education. In case of primary education stress have been reduced as education is taught keeping in mind the health of the students. Visual aids, gaming, story telling etc are given much importance in order to provide education to the students. More emphasis is laid on this method because it is found that this is much faster means of learning and also helps students to develop their personality and leads to more interaction.Whereas on the other hand incase of higher education more emphasis is laid on imparting quality education .quality education helps individual develop better learning skills. Internships have been introduced which encourages students to relate their college based knowledge with the unimaginative knowledge and they can visualize the work actually done in the industry. Through this one can also focus on their goals more accurately. With the change magnitude industrial visits one can develop its interactive skills and also improve its learning.It has also been analyzed that with the increasing competition changes in the educational methods are every bit important as traditional method of teaching have become totally obsolete. With the changing time, the era would be totally technology based. Lack of computer education could also lead to unemployment as it would become need of the hour. Without computer education one would become unable to work efficiently and effectively. It would also lead to wastage of time and also resources. Such individuals would not be as productive as computer learning nowadays have become a sine qua non for every individual. Due to this fact most of the colleges have increasingly introduced more of computer aided programs and also included its training as a part of their curriculum.This case also highlights the introduction of new courses and learning programs. It also had laid emphasis on new educations syste ms like distance learning, mobile learning, online education that includes learning through interaction with faculty on cams.FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONSFINDINGSA change in education has led to better individual development as well as development of the nation.Technology plays a major role in imparting education.Burden of students during primary stage is reduced as the education is conducted more in informal manner through role playing, story telling, conducting games etc.Higher education is improved by introducing internships, projects and by introducing industrial visits which adds more value to it.Globalization, liberalization and demand of the hour has led to educational changes.Educational change has bought a positive impact on the society.it would also improve literacy rate.SUGGESTIONSAs per my opinion more emphasis must be given on e-learning than to book learning as it would help individual to conduct its operations easily in any part of the country as technology is improving da y by day and access to it is equally important.More emphasis should be laid on industrial visits, technology accessibility i.e. theoretical learning should be directly linked with practical learning. More of practical approach should be used.Lectures and interaction with renowned personalities in the concerned field should be increased. It would help students develop their intellectual level, motivate them and develop confidence in them.Last but not the to the lowest degree as per my viewpoint more informal method of learning should be used, as it would help individual to develop its skills at a faster pace than the formal approach.CONCLUSIONIndia is a developing nation and it has been expanding is every fields. Education saw an essential change gradually after Independence. Development of education in India brought about a transformation and the concept of education got modified. All levels of education in India, from primary to higher education portray a challenge. India got well -known educational institutions such as the IITs, IISc, IIMs, NITs, AIIMS, ISI, JU, BITS, and ISB. The higher education system of India is the third largest in the world, after China and the United States.Education travelled a long way and thus Indian education system introduced certain advantageous system such as online education In India. Online education is a system of education training which is delivered primarily via the Internet to students at remote locations. Online education encompasses various degrees and courses. Indian education has different phases. Students are provided with extensive scope and courses to choose from. One enjoys the opportunity of selecting the required field. The system of Distant Education in India is becoming increasingly popular. The students choosing distance learning process are benefited with the modern pattern followed. The handiness of distance learning courses has assured that a person can pursue education from any state or university accor dingly.So this highlights the increasing importance of changes in education and their benefits and effects on Indian society.CHAPTER 5BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHYSites referred-http//www.nsba.org/sbot/toolkit/tiol.htmlwww.

Social Work Reflective Essay

Social Work Reflective EssayIntroduction Reflection forms a central part of favorcapable tap practice and education, and it is peculiarly important for affectionate written reporters in placement settings or modernisticly qualified social doingers (Dcruz et al, 2007 Parker, 2010). In its simplest terms, censure provides us with an opportunity to recapitulation our decisions and decision- qualification subroutinees however, in practice, reflection is a far more complex concept (Trevethick, 2005 251). It is essential that social workers make up the confidence to question their own practice, the organisation that they work in, and dominant power structures in society at large (Fook, 1999). Reflection, and in particular life-sustaining reflective practice, forms a key part of this, as social workers ar called on to reconsider and reconstruct the dominant social discourse. In this essay I will explore my inhabit of reflection during my practice placement, and in particular i n relation to a specific cheek study. I will start by outlining my practice setting, and the details of the particular case study. I will then explore my deliver of reflection, and how reflective practice supported me to apply surmise to practice. Finally take a critical aim at my practice, and suggest things that I could hold back done differently. Although I engage with and explored multiple patterns of reflection during my placement, the model of reflection that I found most utile was Schons possibleness of reflection (Schon, 1983 2002). Schon advocated 2 symbols of reflective practice. Firstly, reflection-on-action, which involves reflecting on an experience that you have already had, or an action that you have already taken, and considering what could have been done differently, as thoroughly as looking at the positives from that interaction. The other(a) type of reflection Schon nones is reflection-in-action, or reflecting on your actions as you are doing them, an d considering issues like best practice by dint ofout the process. repayable to the limits of the current medium, I will be directioning mostly on reflection-on-action. However, allow for use of this type of reflection should inform future practice, and encourage appropriate reflection-in-action when presented with a similar situation again. fare Setting My placement was based at a not for pro contain mental health agency, where we provided psycho-social support for good deal who have experienced mental health diffi fadies. M each of the people that we worked with had been subject to section 2 or 3 orders under the Mental Health achievement 1983/2007, and were now experiencing aftercare under section 117. Referrals to the agency could come from social services, GP surgeries, and other not-for-profit organisations. The people with whom we worked normally had a multitude of presenting issues and concerns, and I was aware from the onrush that complex settings like this require so cial workers to be reflective in their practice in order to be able to deal with a potpourri of situations (Fook and Gardner, 2007). However, it soon became clear to me that the fast-paced working environment, where at times paperwork was promoted all over practice, meant that reflection could potentially be ignored in favour of bureaucracy and targets (DCruz et al, 2007). This type of difficulty and un certainty around reflection is common in placement settings and when starting a new role (Knott and Spafford, 2010). Reflection was particularly important when devising the transition from university scholarship to the learning experienced in a placement setting. Social workers are provided with some focussing in practice to support this process. The Practice Competency Framework (PCF) domains provide some direction about what areas social workers are expected to emphasise in practice, and what conducts to be evidenced in order to successfully complete a placement. Values and ethics are central to this framework, and comprise domain 2. Critical reflection is also part of this framework, making up the entirety of domain 6. However, it is essential that social workers do not become complacent in their personal reflection, and they cannot fall back on these types of guidance and procedures as a shield against engaging in reflection on complex ethical subjects (Banks, 2006). Case Study Many of the service users that we worked with had a threefold diagnosis (problems with mental health and addiction). These service users particularly challenged me, as I found their intersecting issues usually stretch well beyond their dual diagnosis, to other areas like housing or physical health. I have, therefore, chosen to discuss one such case, where I engaged in substantial reflection. The background to this case study, and my involvement with him, will now be discussed. JK is a man in his 50s who was born in Nigeria but moved to the UK at a young age. When I worked wi th him, he lived in a housing project that was specifically meant to house ex-offenders. Although JK had a lead key-worker at my agency who was a permanent member of staff, I was responsible for the majority of the key working sessions with JK during my time on this placement. JK had a long history of substance misuse and mental health problems. He was diagnosed with bi-polar disorder, and dealt with world-shaking anxiety and depression. He received depot injections monthly for his mental health difficulties, and he found these instances particularly griefing. JK also had a substantial history of evil activity, which he said became necessary in order to maintain his addiction to certain illicit do drugss. I would meet JK in a location of his choosing. Although usually this would mean either in our office or in his room, sometimes we went for a walk and I accompanied him to appointments at times also. This more light working setting was where he felt he could speak most openly t o me. Although I will discuss my involvement with JK more broadly,I will focus on one particular key working session that we had, where JK was most descriptive about all his concerns and the issues that were strengthing him (session A). This is hearty because reflection is particularly important when a critical incident like this has been experienced, and a less reflective approach could lead to a less holistic or even inadvertently dictatorial account of what had transpired (Ruch, 2002). Reflective Practice Different models of reflection supported me throughout the reflective process. Gibbs Model of Reflection (1988) and Atkin and Murphys Model of Reflection (1994) both promote a cyclical approach to reflection, whereby reflection is current and not a linear process. I found this to be the case, as I did not move through stages of refection one after the other, but moved between them, often returning to my conceptual starting point multiple times before settling on a holistic u nderstanding of an event or situation that make ups all systems influencing that scenario. Keeping a reflective diary of critical issues and my own thought process encouraged me to construct my understanding of the work I was doing, and justify what actions I had taken (White, 2001). Support from colleagues and supervisors was also invaluable in this process (Ruch, 2002). Yip (2006) capably notes that models like those described above are most useful when starting out the reflective process, and I quickly adapted and developed a model of reflection that was most appropriate for me. Social work has traditionally been constructed as the professional knowing best, and continues to be practised in a way where the practitioner holds most of the power (Holmes and Saleeby, 1993). The power kinetics are slightly different in a non-statutory setting like I was working in. However, these power dynamics cannot be ignored, and underline all social work practice.I acknowledged the inherent power dynamics from the inception of my interactions with JK. I recognised that where unequal power dynamics exist in a relationship, it is usually the partner with the most power that benefits most from the interaction (Milner and OByrne, 2002). This is why it is important for social workers to listen to the perspectives of the people with whom they work, and be willing to accept different paradigms than their own or the dominant paradigm (Milner and OByrne, 2002). When working with JK, I was made aware of his engagement with mental health services, usually provided through the medical professions. He had an allocated community psychiatric nurse (CPN) who would visit occasionally, and at times he also met with a psychiatrist. Throughout my social work education, the difference between the medical model and the social model of experiencing mental illness has been stressed to me, and I all the way saw this when working with JK. The historically authoritarian nature of mental healt h services is widely recognised in literature (Szasz, 1961 Foucault, 1967), and JK expressed to me at times that he felt that he was not listened to by medical professionals, and just moved from service to service having things done to him, rather than with him. Tew (2005) notable that the in the social model of mental distress, core set required include looking at the person and their situation holistically, removing the us and them thinking that tends to dominate mental health services, listening to what people really have to say, and being committed to anti-oppressive practice. I found these to be very helpful in working with JK. During academic term A, the fact that I chose to explore JKs mental distress alongside the other issues that were going on in his life allowed me to identify that his physical health, including intense back pain that he has been experiencing, was having a substantial effect on his mental health, and I encouraged him to seek help and support with this . JK clearly appreciated my anti-oppressive approach, where I tried to work with him in partnership, and he was ever keen to know when we would meet next. There is a stigma attached to having a mental illness, and even when contact with services has ceased, that stigma usually persists (Miles, 2005). JK had clearly been the subject of this stigma throughout his life. Tew (2005) believes if mental health services were more receptive to the social model of looking at mental distress, then significant amounts of this stigma and the resultant oppression would be removed. Applying Theory to Practice An important part of reflection in social work is the application and consideration of theories in practice (Trevethick, 2012). The theory base of social work is essential to all the work that we do in practice (Teater, 2010). Social workers need to be watchful to critically reflect on the theory that they are bringing to practice. It has been noted that the theory base of social work is d ominated by euro-centric discourse, meaning that certain paradigms or perspectives may be excluded unintentionally (Trevethick, 2012). Being from Nigeria originally, and coming from a different cultural background than myself, meant that I had to be particularly careful in applying theory to the work that I did with JK.However, it is also clear that practice cannot just be based on routine or habit, with no basis in evidence (Thompson, 2009). The increasing influence of post-modern theory, which does not promote one paradigm over another, but focuses on the subjective nature of truth, has helped to alleviate these issues in social work to some extent (Fook, 2012). Our agency worked with some of the most marginalised and vulnerable members of society, and engaging in uninformed work with these types of service users is a dangerous set about (Collingwood et al, 2008). Through active engagement with reflection, I was able to work with JK using an eclectic theory and knowledge base, b ut was also careful to note if JK was not comfortable with some aspects of my approach, and adjusted the approach accordingly. Working closely with JK over a period of several months supported me to be able to identify any issues quickly, and by the time I we were engaged in Session A, we had a good working relationship. Of particular importance when working with service users who have a dual diagnosis was systems theory, and I found this theory to be particularly important when reflecting on Session A. Healy (2005) has recognised that systems theory have been highly potent on the knowledge base of social work. As noted above, people experiencing problems with addiction tend to have other issues in other areas of their lives (Tober and Raistrick, 2004).I was able incorporate specific applications of systems theory for the service user group I was working throughout my placement, and in particular with JK. The Six Cornered Addictions Rescue System (SCARS) was useful in that it as well ask into account a person who was dealing with an addictions situation holistically, rather than just focusing on the addiction in isolation (McCarthy and Galvani, 2004). In Session A this allowed me to see how JKs addiction and mental health problems were also linked to issues with accommodation, physical health, relationships and employment. What could have been done differently? I have discussed my work with JK, and reflected on specific incidents and issues with him. However, returning to Schon (1983), he notes that reflection takes place within our own understanding and the meaning that we attribute to an event, rather than within the event itself. Therefore, social workers need to look at their own underlying assumptions, as well as dominant social narratives, in order to shape their holistic understanding and experience of a given incident. Dewey (1993) recognised the importance of discovering new information in reflection. This can come from both internal sources (perso nal reconsideration) and external sources (professional support or research), and this new information can completely re-construct the way that an incident or event is considered, and change the narrative that we are engaged in. This is helpful in reconsidering an event, and determining whether something could have been done differently or better. In relation to Session A, one area that I reflected on was that I may have focused too some(prenominal) on theory when working with JK. It has been recognised in literature around theory in practice that overly focusing on theory when working with service users can actually choke up the work being done, as the service user can feel depersonalised (Parker, 2010). As noted above, this was particularly important in the case of JK, who was from a different culture than me. More time could have been spent on listening to JK and his perspective, rather than trying to fit him into a theory or model for the sake of evidencing my own case notes or reflective journals. I worked with JK very much in isolation. Although I met his CPN and his drug worker, at no stage was a multi-agency meeting held that I was invited to. To some extent, this was the fault of the other professionals, who did not consult me on the work they were doing with JK, and literature has noted that collaboration is particularly difficult when working with dual diagnosis service users, as mental health and addiction services can disagree over the correct course, or who should take the lead (Clement et al, 1993 Champney-Smith, 2004). However, I could have made more of an effort to engage with them, or at least discuss with JK how much consultation he would like me to have with those other workers. Suter et al (2009) have found that a willingness to communicate is a key characteristic needed for efficient collaboration, and after the other professionals were not active in engaging with me, I lost this willingness, potentially to the detriment of my work w ith JK. It has to be noted that reflection is not always recognised as a self-evidently positive mechanism. There are critics of the way reflection is promoted in current practice environments, with some bemoaning the cult following that has developed around reflection in the social work sphere (Ixer, 1999 513). Boud and Knight (1996) equally describe how reflection has come to be seen as self-evidently worthwhile without significant critique (p.32). Ixer (1999) recognises that focusing too much on assessing reflection can lead to a prescriptive approach to reflection that is uncompromising. I found this to be the case at times, when I was expected to write my reflections at a certain time, and have reflective supervision in a certain way. As well as this, having someone essentially assessing my reflection made this even more difficult, as I was not able to reflect in a way that was personal for me. Parker (2010) has noted that reflection is not something that can be assessed based on traditional reductionist techniques. Therefore, I found it important to not just reflect on my work and the working environment, but also the process of reflection itself. Conclusion The issues that social workers are engaged with, and that I have discussed here, do not only reflect the concerns of the service user, but are a reflection of the issues that are inherent in wider society (Davis, 2007). Unequal power dynamics, concerns around oppression and issues with stigma are all societal problems that social workers need to engage with not just on a micro-level, but also a macro-level. To some extent this is an area that I found reflection lacking in. I was able to look at my own practice, and my own assumptions and narratives however, I was unable to determine how best to address wider inequality and societal oppression of people like JK. In this reflective essay, I have explored my practice setting in relation to a particular case study. I introduced the placement setting an d the case study, and then looked at my experience of reflection within this setting. I discussed how I engaged with different models of reflection, experienced power dynamics, and explored different interpretations of mental distress. I then moved on to look at how reflection promoted me to engage with theory in practice, in particular in relation to systems theory. Finally, I used this reflection to look at things that I could have done differently, including a decreased focus on theory and engaging more with other services. This type of critical reflection should be ongoing for social workers in practice, and to some extent it would be difficult to work in a complex setting like I was without being reflective. Although I noted some areas I could have improved on in my interactions with JK, what was most apparent in my work with him was that my willingness to explore his paradigm and perspectives opened him up to engaging with me on a range of issues, that otherwise may have rema ined hidden. References Atkins, S. and Murphy, K. (1994) Reflective Practice, Nursing Standard8(39) 49-56. Banks, S. (2006) Ethics and Values in Social Work, Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. Cameron, A., Lart, R., Bostock, L. and Coomber, C. (2012) Factors that promote and hinder joint and integrated working between health and social care services, capital of the United Kingdom SCIE. Champney-Smith, J. (2004) Dual Diagnosis in T. Peterson and A. McBride (Eds.) Working with Substance Misusers A draw in to Theory and Practice, capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. Clement, J., Williams, E. and Waters, C. (1993) The client with substance abuse/mental illness Mandate for Collaboration Achieves of Psychiatric Nursing, 7(4), 189-196. Collingwood, P., Emond, R. and Woodward, R. (2008) The theory circle A tool for learning and for practice Social Work Education, 27(1), 70-83. Davis, A, (2007) Structural Approaches to Social Work in J. Lisham (Ed.) Handbook for Practice Learning in Social Work and Social bid Knowledge and Theory, London JK. Dewey, J. (1993) How we Think A restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the education process, Boston Health Publishing. DCruz, H., Gillingham, P. and Melendez, S. (2007) Reflexivity, its meanings and relevance for social work A critical review of the literature British Journal of Social Work, 37, 73-90. Fook, J. (1999) Critical reflectivity in education and practice in B. Pears and J. Fook (eds) Transforming Social Work Practice postmodern Critical Perspectives, St Leonards Allen and Unwin, 195-208. Fook, J. (2012) Social Work A Critical Approach to Practice, London Sage. Fook J. and Gardner F. (2007) Practising Critical Reflection A Resource Handbook, Maidenhead McGraw-Hill. Foucault M. (1967) Madness and Civilization A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, London Tavistock. Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by Doing A guide to teaching and learning methods, Oxford Oxford University Press. Healy, K. (20 05) Social Work Theories in scope Creating Frameworks for Practice, Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. Holmes, G. and Saleeby, D. (1993) Empowerment, the Medical Model and the Politics of Clienthood, Journal of Progressive Human Services, 4(1), 61-78. Ixer, G. (1999) Theres no such thing as reflection British Journal of Social Work,29, 513-527. Knott, C. and Spafford, J. (2010) acquire Started in C. Knott and T. Scragg (eds.) Reflective Practice in Social Work, Exeter Learning Matters. McCarthy, T. and Galvani, S. (2004) SCARS A new model for social work with substance misusePractice, 16(2), 85-97. Milner, J. and OByrne P. (2002) Assessment in Social Work Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.Parker, J. (2010) Effective Practice in Social Work, Exeter Learning Matters. Miles, A. (1987) The Mentally Ill in Contemporary Society, Oxford Blackwell. Parker, J. (2010) Effective Practice Learning in Social Work, Exeter Learning Matters. Ruch, G. (2002) From triangle to spiral reflective pra ctice in social work education, practice and research, Social Work Education, 21(2), 199-216. Schn, D. (1983) The Reflective Practitioner, New York prefatorial Books. Schon, D. (2002) From technical rationality to reflection-in-action in R. Harrison, F. Reeve, A. Hanson and J. Clarke (eds) Supporting Lifelong Learning Perspectives on Learning, London Routledge. Szasz, T. (1961) The Myth of Mental Illness Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct, London Harper and Row. Teater, B. (2010) An Introduction to Applying Social Work Theories and Methods, Maidenhead Open University Press. Tew, J. (2005) Social Perspectives in Mental Health London Kingsley. Thompson, N. (2009) Practicing Social Work Meeting the professed(prenominal) Challenge, Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.Tober, G. and Raistrick, D. (2004) Organisation of Services Putting it all Together in T. Peterson and A. McBride (Eds.) Working with Substance Misusers A Guide to Theory and Practice, London Routledge. Trevith ick, P. (2012) Social Work Skills A Practice Handbook, Maidenhead Open University Press. White, S. (2001) Auto-ethnography as reflexive enquiry The research act as self-surveillance, in I. Shaw and N. Gould (eds), Qualitative Research in Social Work, London Sage. Yip, K. (2006)Self-reflection in reflective practice A note of caution British Journal of Social Work, 36(5), 777-788.

What Is the Point of the House of Lords?

What Is the Point of the endure of Lords?The family line of Lords is a fundamental represendative of the UKs bicameral legislative system, being an purloin check and balance to the field of putting green in legislative matters. However, this has been brought into dubiousness after the Recent Welfare restore Bill.This essay aims to examine what is the point in the field of Lords? It willing rootage look into its history, past its role in Parliament and how it has changed over clock. It will focus on the welfare reform mensuration and the ban on hunting with hounds as its main examples.The House of Lords are also called the Upper Chamber and are a part of the legislature. Legislature is the part of government that discuss and pass laws (Jones, 2010). It is chafe up of the jet, Lords and the Queen, only the Commons are elected. The executive is the party in power and is responsible for implementing the laws and policies made by legislature (Jones, 2010).The Houses of Parliament are divided up into two parts, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is one of the two chambers of HM Parliament. The House of Lords is the sulphur chamber of Parliament and is also called the Upper House (Jones, 2010). The House of Lords is separate to but works alongside the elected House of Commons. The House of Lords are made up of inherited Lords and Life peers. Modern Lords are appointed by the PM. The appointed peers tend to devote a specialist area of knowledge, for example health or education. The House of Commons is made up of elected members (Budge, 2004). The House of Lords has 736 members, 86 more than the House of Commons. There are only 92 transmissible Lords left after they were thrown out by the Labour Government in 1999 as it was deemed undemocratic (Knight 2010).The first part of the House of Lords is the remaining genetic members, the second part are appointed by the Prime Minister and they are given their denominations, for example Lady Margaret Thatcher so as she was given the title by the Prime Minister who took over from her she had a seat in the House of Lords. The tercet part is made up of the court system and the perform and people in positions of expertise (Monroe, 2002). Before taking a seat in The House of Lords the peer has to swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch (Jones, 2010). The House of Lords is a combination of tradition and modern legislature (Monroe, 2002)Laws are only made if the Commons, Lords and the Monarch can determine. An unwritten constitution (a convention), states that the Monarch has always got to agree to new laws made by Parliament. The Lords can also only suggest amendments too legislation but does non actually drive home the power to make the changes, meaning the Commons hold the power (Budge, 2004). The legislative process starts with the draft papers, white and green papers. They are published to allow consultation from interested parties much(prenomin al) as professional bodies and voluntary organisations earlier the bill is introduced into the House of Commons (Jones, 2010). They have their first reading in which it is just read out and then a second reading where there is a debate and a pick out to move on to the committee stage which is pre-legislative scrutiny where the draft bill is considered by a departmental select committee this allows the MPs and members of Lords to have an early influence on the Bill (Jones, 2010). In the committee stage they vote for amendments and send it to the cover stage. In the report stage they discuss the amendments they then go to the Third reading which in the House of Lords.The key purpose of The House of Lords is voting on whether to accept or reject legislation drawn up by The House of Commons (Jones, 2010). Suggesting amendments to legislation drawn up by The House of Commons and debating legislation drawn up by the House of Commons, they can also introduce new laws to be debated. Alth ough the important laws start the legislative process with the Commons, the House of Lords do draw up some legislation, for example ensuring children with special needs and disabilities have access to mainstream education or protecting the right field to legal aid in welfare cases and insisting on equality of the NHS treatment for physical and mental illness (www.parliament.uk).Members spend nearly half their time in the House considering draft laws. All bills have to be considered by both Houses of Parliament before they can become law (Jones, 2010).The House of Commons send legislation to the House of Lords, in the form of the white paper, but the 1911 Act has taken away the ability for The House of Lords to stop legislation sent down by The House of Commons. This started when the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lloyd George, suggested in 1909 the introduction of the first old age pension and a majority of the Lords voted against (Knight, 2010). The main purposes of the Act was 1) T he House of Lords can only delay a money bill for one month, and 2) Limiting the time the Lords can delay a bill, meaning if it was rejected triple times the Bill could receive Royal Assent without approval from The House of Lords (Gillespie, 2013.) This has only been utilise four times in the last twenty quintuplet days. One of these was to pass The Parliament Act of 1949 which was an amendment of the 1911 Act making it so the Lords could only reject the bill two times rather than three before it could be passed with Royal Assent (Gillespie, 2013). These Acts took a lot of power away from the Lords.The current PM is allegedly preparing to use the Parliament Act for the first time in ten years to push through the EU Referendum Bill into Law before the next election (Hole abode, 2014). The Act is sometimes described as the nuclear option of parliamentary to break stalemates between the Commons and the Lords (Holehouse, 2014). An MP was quoted saying It shows that they really, rea lly want it to happen. It also shows the Lords that they cant mess with it.Although the Lords have been stripped of a lot of their power, there are advantages to the Lords. There can be a lot more individual expression in the House of Lords (Knight, 2010). Many of its members have a lot of experience in different areas of life with this experience making an important contribution to the progress of legislation and serves to upkeep the government of the day (Jones, 2010). The House of Lords are also responsible for holding government to account. Members in the Upper Chamber scrutinise the work of the government during question time and debates in the chamber. In the 2012-13 session, members held the government to account with 7,324 oral and written questions and 193 debates on issues ranging from child poverty to immigration (www.parliament.uk).The Lords can also moderate the Commons using their expertise and making sure nothing too radical is put through (www.parliament.uk). Peers have less to lose, being free thinkers. If an MP was to go against their party leader then they could be ignored when looking for a job although some do still have party affiliation and will vote on side of their party (Knight, 2010). Some people however, would argue that having the House of Lords is healthy for our system as it means it isnt led by political machines with party agendas (Knight, 2010).Ping ponging is the toing and froing of amendments to Bills between the House of Commons and the House of Lords. A good example of this is The Hunting with Hounds Act which experienced seven years of ping ponging between the two houses. Three private members Bills were introduced by Labour MPs between 1992 and 1995 to ban hunting with no success (Garnett, 2007).However, in a 1997 manifesto Labour offered a free vote on the subject. In 1998 the Bill got its second reading in the Commons and was talked out by the third reading (Garnett, 2007). In 2000 a new bill was proposed with a compr omise of hunting with a licence, this was rejected by the commons and thrown out by the Lords. The Bill had been introduced too late to meet the terms of the Parliament Act of 1949. After Blair was re-elected in 2001 the ping pong effect still continued, with the Commons pass(a) a new Bill and the Lords rejecting it, until 2004 when the conditions of the Parliament Act 1949 had been met and the Bill was given Royal Assent (Garnett, 2007).The House of Lords Reform draft bill was introduced in 2011. The Reform wants to outline the powers and responsibility of the relationships between the two houses. This would define the point of monetary privilege. This could be hard to reach an agreement on when it could be rejected and what kind of amendments the House of Lords could make before they were wrecking amendments and what circumstances the Lords would be able to reject secondary legislation (draft house of lords reform bill report session 2010-12, Vol. 1 Report).Originally Financial Privilege was seen as something dealing with Bills dealing with supply and taxation. However in the recent reform bill it was used to reject a lot of the amendments by the Lords and to prevent the bill ping ponging. The financial implications were seen as big enough by the Speaker to grant financial privilege (Crampton, 2012). Financial privilege is being used a lot more reducing the effect of the Lords scrutiny.Despite the fact the House of Lords do not appear to hold much in the way of power, the House are specialists in different fields offering expertise advice. Also, peers do not have a party agenda and therefore pose employability risk in going against their party. This is useful as these limitations can prevent any radical changes in law. But without any power to have their amendments noted there is really no point in the House of Lords if they can be over control completely.Budge etal (2004). The New British Politics. 3rd ed. Essex Pearson Education Limited.Crampton, C. (20 12). Whats the point in the house of Lords?. Available www.totalpolitics.com/blog/293317/whats-the-pont-of-the-house-of-lords.thtml. Last accessed 6th Jan 2014Egawhary E. (2010). What is the new face of the house of commons. Available http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8672770.stm . Last accessed 6th Jan 2014.Garnett M (2007). Exploring British Poitics. Essex Pearson Education Limited.Gillepie A (2013). The English Legal System. 4th ed. Oxford Oxford University Press.Jones etal (2010). Politics Uk. seventh ed. Essex Pearson Education Limited.Knight, J (2010). British Politics for Dummies. West Sussex John Wiley and sonsPeele G (1995). Governing the UK. 3rd ed. Oxford Blackwell Publishers Ltd.What the Lords does. Available http//www.parliament.uk/business/lords/work-of-the-house-of-lords/what-the-lords-does/. Last accessed 6th Jan 2014.Munroe, T (2002). An Intoduction to Politics, Lectures for first year students. 3rd ed. Mona Kingston 7, Jamaica Canoe Press.Holehouse, M. (2014). Dav id Cameron prepares nuclear option on EU referendum. Available http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/david-cameron/10526825/Cameron-prepares-nuclear-option-on-EU-referendum.html. Last accessed 6th Jan 2014Draft house of lords reform bill report session 2010-12, Vol. 1 Report.Y8158485

Representation of the Characteristics of Romanticism Essay example -- R

Romanticism is a philosophical and artistic movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth century that label a change in the emotional core of literature, philosophy, art, religion, and politics in reaction on the enlightenment. It is a contrast to neo-classicism characterized by the predominance of imagination over reason and formal rules, the love of nature nature is good cities are harmful to humans, the power of individual, an interest in human rights, sentimentality, childhood innocence, the basal spirit and melancholy. Romantic writers reject most of traditional form and themes. According to the Musical Quarterly, probably no two persons may exactly the same aim of what romanticism is. Victor Hugo for instance, defines romanticism has liberalism in natureThe Romantic Movement was marked by several authors including William Wordsworth, Alphonse de Lamartine, and John Keats. The following lines are going to lead these authors by giving a brief background and detailed informati on about their works in accordance with romanticism characteristics.William Wordsworth, a major slope romantic poet, born in 1770 and died in 1850. He writes his poetry as an analysis upon nature. Even though Wordsworth is very much into nature he lock away keeps his identity as human. He is a great romantic writer because his writings reflect characteristics of the movement. As a poet, he wrote numerous poems and odesLyric poems in the form of an address to a particular subject, meant to be sung. In this part you are going to be introduced to one of his famous odes, Ode Intimations of Immortality. This poem is unyielding and complicated but shows the Wordsworth connection to nature and how he makes an effort to understand why hu... ...ve the most is Wordsworth for he always pay attention to the details of completely that is physical around himLamartine in The Lake implores time to stop. But we all know time cannot stop flowing therefore we must enjoy the present slice in th e presence of our beloved ones. Nature is moral guide and universal mentor ( Wordsworth) For Lamartine, nature was a manifestation of divine grandeur. He believed that contemplating it could stimulate sacred faith.Works-citedBernbaum, Ernest, The English Romantic Poets, New York The Modern Language association, 1950To Autumn, The Norton Anthology of World Literature Bloom, Harold, William Wordsworth, New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1985 The Musical Quarterly 84, No.1-94, No.3 (2000-2011) 307 JSTOR. Web 23 April 2012.http//www.jstor.org.ezproxy.martinmethodist.edu/ static/738059

A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay -- essays papers

A near(a) Man is Hard to FindVirtue and the granny If you were to ask someone what their definition of a ingenious life would be, they would probably give you an answer like, having fun. This is completely untrue in Aristotles terms. According to Aristotle, for a man to channelize a happy life he must learn each of the intellectual virtues, and practice each of the moral virtues throughout his life. These moral virtues are justice, courage, temperance, magnificence, magnanimity, liberality, gentleness, prudence, and wisdom. With so many virtues to eer abide by, a man cannot know if he has led a happy life until his life is nearly finished. In the story A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery O Connor, the question is raised whether the grandmother has achieved a state of happiness according to Aristotles terms at the cartridge holder of her death. The answer is no, because she is a person who is dishonest, cowardly, and unwise. Of all the virtues, honesty is practiced the least by the grandmother. Honesty is defined as The capacity or condition of world honest integrity trustworthiness (Honesty). There are several examples of the grandmothers dishonest and untrustworthy actions. In the beginning of the story, The grandmother didnt requirement to go to Florida (O Connor 1106), so she made up false excuses to try to persuade her family to take her to Tennessee. his fellow that calls himself The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida. I wouldnt take my children in any direction with a criminal like that aloose in it (O Connor 1106). On the way to Florida, the grandmother notices an old house she visited as a child. When she wants to stop and re-visit the house, the grandmother tells the... ...n the story, (honesty, courage, and wisdom) none of the virtues are abided by. Although there are six other virtues, all of the virtues must be abided by in order to achieve happiness. Besides, if the grandmother doesnt abide by the th ree virtues represented in the story, this leads one to believe that she doesnt abide by any of them. In conclusion, the grandmother does not lead a happy life in accordance to Aristotles theory of happiness. BibliographyWorks CitedCourage. The American Heritage College Dictionary. 3rd ed. 2000.Honesty. The American Heritage College Dictionary. 3rd ed. 2000. OConnor, Flannery. A Good Man Is Hard to Find. The Story and Its Writer An Introduction to Short Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. 5th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins 1999, 1106-1117. Wisdom. The American Heritage College Dictionary. 3rd ed. 2000.