Data Summary and Discussion

The information introduced shows the sum charged on Mastercards by family units of a given size and salary. This information shows that while the sum spent by families changes relying upon the size and pay, the mix of both may likewise have a significant bearing on the measure of that household’s obligation. The obligation go for the whole informational collection of 50 family units is $1,864 to $5,678 every year, while the earnings in the set range from $21,000 to $67,000 every year. The households’ measures in this informational index go from one (1) to seven (7). At the point when every factor is taken independently, one finds that each does to a huge expand anticipate the measure of obligation that the family unit conveys. What is explicitly appeared in this information is that families will in general have a higher measure of obligation relying upon the quantity of people who live in the house, as it biggest families by and large convey an obligation sum that lies on the higher finish of the range. For instance, the normal obligation for the three seven-man family units lies at $4,911, which is just around 700 dollars underneath the most elevated obligation measure of $5,678. The information likewise shows that the normal obligation for the five one-individual families is around $2,781. In any case, what the information likewise shows is that despite the fact that obligation ascends as the family unit size ascents, it does as such at a diminishing rate. The way that the normal obligation for one-individual family units is altogether higher than the lower end of the range shows that the low end may speak to an incidental sum, and in fact it does. This is the obligation conveyed by a two-man family. A superior examination of the one-individual family normal obligation could be made with the determined obligation per head for the whole informational collection. The complete number of people in all family units is 171, and the all out obligation for all families is $198,203. The normal obligation per capita for this gathering of people is about $1,159. This, contrasted and the normal obligation for the one-individual families, shows that the obligation for the one-individual families speaks to an excessively high size of twice as much as the general per capita obligation. This may be clarified by the way that the fixed expenses for family units by and large remain generally the equivalent paying little heed to what number of people may live in the house. Different components that bear on this are unessential, for example, the spending designs and money related attention to the people in every family unit. In any case, another central point to consider in foreseeing family unit obligation is the yearly salary of the people inside each house. Which is a Better Predictor: family unit size or salary? In any case, further examination shows that even family, without anyone else, doesn't anticipate the measure of obligation well overall. Truth be told, the information highlights the way that family size predicts the yearly Visa charges superior to family pay. Glancing back at the past model, one sees a family unit that gains $26,000 delivering obligation tantamount to a large portion of the better quality workers. Some portion of this obligation size must be ascribed to the way that the family unit acquiring such a little pay in contrast with other family unit is confronted with the test of supporting seven people. Another family gaining $23,000 bolsters six people and shows Mastercard charges of $4,127 every year. Different family units of practically identical income ($21,000 and $27,000) show littler Visa charges of $2,448 and $2,477 separately, and this can be credited to their littler family measures. Mix of Household Size and Earnings The salary run for the informational index has just been expressed as $21,000 to $67,000. The absolute pay for this gathering is $2,174,000 and the normal pay is $43,480. The normal obligation for every family is $3,964 which falls around in the center of the $1,864 to $5,678 territory. In any case, what one notification is that however the normal obligation for the three 7-man family units is demonstrated to be $4,911, the most elevated obligation in that fragment goes to the family with the most elevated pay. Along these lines, the $5,301 obligation goes to the family unit that acquires $55,000 every year, while the most minimal obligation of $4,603 goes to the family unit that gains just $26,000 every year. This exhibits the mix of family unit size and family salary is a general better indicator of Visa charges that any of those factors alone. As per this, a family unit comprised of three people and acquiring $40,000 should show a Visa charge inside the middle scope of about $3,800 †$4,100. This would be relied upon to be similar to some other family unit of three people, yet somewhat beneath those families of three that have higher profit. Other Data Necessary to Make Accurate Predictions Other data concerning these households’ advances, home loans, and neighborhood areas would likewise be mentioned of the customer. As indicated by the conversation above, however, no doubt regardless of the way that family unit size predicts the yearly Mastercard charges superior to family salary, different factors likewise influence the size of Visa obligation. What one notes is that the greater part of the low-procuring families do in any case show an excessively higher measure of obligation than their partners of high-acquiring families with comparable family estimates. Family units that, for instance win twice as much as another don't for the most part show twice as much obligation in this informational index. Nor is this so for families that have twice the same number of people. One supporter of this is the presence of fixed expenses, as referenced previously. In any case, this doesn't represent all the inconsistencies. In this manner, different components that may add to Mastercard charges incorporate the measure of past obligation, (for example, college educational cost advances, contracts, and so on) that every family unit has brought about. They may likewise incorporate the household’s disposition toward its accounts and toward obligation as a rule. Different components include the typical cost for basic items inside the geological zone of the specific family unit and the general way of life to which the family is acclimated. Work Cited Professor’s Name. â€Å"Data Sheet.† Name of Class. City: University, 2007.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Essay -- Narcissism Essays

Narcissism is simply the over the top interest; inordinate self esteem; vanity. The expression, narcissism comes, obviously, from the Greek fantasy of Narcissus. Narcissus evaded the various fairies until one of them supplications to the goddess of affection and caused a solicitation that some time or another narcissus would to feel the delight and torment of adoration. The goddess conceded the desire to the sprite and narcissus before long would comprehend the delight and torment of adoration. Narcissus went to get a beverage of water and saw the most the most excellent face that he had ever observed; he plunged in to kiss the face however could in light of the fact that it was his own appearance. Narcissus had become hopelessly enamored with his self. He lost all significance of food, development or anything. Narcissus was reviled with the adoration for his own picture and he kicked the bucket on the grounds that the idea of not having the option to kiss his self slaughtered him; a long these lines the term narcissism was conceived. Regularly individuals who have narcissistic conduct are portrayed as consideration searchers, individuals who need the commendation of others, individuals who have a demeanor unnecessary presumptuousness and over all absence of confidence. Regularly this narcissism prompts a narrow minded attitude. An individual with a narcissistic issue acclaims themselves to daze themselves to their own instabilities. Any commendation of others is seen by the distorted psyche of a narcissist as a â€Å"threat† to that person. What makes this issue substantially more serious that any conventional character issue is that narcissistic individuals feed off the recognition of others just as themselves similarly as narcissus did. The narcissist precludes the presence from claiming his/her internal identity. Narcissists are unnerved of snapshots of mindfulness. They tend to concentrate on the defects of others so that admitting they have an issue won’t be conceivable since ... ...nd qualities like these truly can’t leave yet what the medication, family advising, psychotherapy and the treatment given is assume to do is limit these upheaval and help the patient and the individuals around them adapt to their turmoil. Works Cited http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disarranges/personality_disorders/hic_narcissistic_personality_disorder.aspx EBSCOhost: Hypomanic side effects foresee an expansion in narcissistic and theatrical character; Source: Depression and Anxiety (1091-4269); 2008 Vol.25 Issue 10. Page 892-898 Record Type: Article: Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Hypomania Personality Affective Disorders J.Psychiatry 1994 †Rick Factors for Suicidal conduct in Borderline Personality Disorder Writers: of the book Soloff PH, Book Am J. Psychiatry, 1994 †Page 151, 1316-23 Creators: LisJa, Kelly, T. Cornelius J, Ulrich R.

A Minimalist, a Japanese Cowboy, and an Arrogant American Walk into a Museum

A Minimalist, a Japanese Cowboy, and an Arrogant American Walk into a Museum I’m standing outside one my favorite places on earth, the Getty, next to an Asian man outfitted in rancher’s attire: white cowboy hat, yellow snakeskin boots, head-to-toe denim. The views here are stunning.  Even under a ceiling of cerebral clouds, you can see miles in every direction: I think I finally understand the true meaning of the word “panoramic.” With a galaxy of green hills to the south, downtown L.A.’s diffused skyline to the east, and a string of ruby taillights scorching the congested 405 to the north, the sun is preparing its descent into the hills of Santa Monica to our west, casting long, angular shadows before it disappears behind the Pacific’s metallic horizon, like a glowing coin placed carefully into a wishing well. “I like your hat,” I say to the denim-clad man, towering over him even with his heeled snakeskins. “I like it, too,” he responds definitively, with a thick Japanese accent and a nicotine smile, his cadence dressed in conviction. “I love living life,” he says with no further explanation, as if everything that needed to be explainedâ€"about him, about life in generalâ€"is contained inside those four words. Although we’ve never met, the two of us are bystanders in the museum’s afternoon architecture tour, which is just wrapping up. Our tour guide points out the 80,000-year-old granite pillars framing the impending sunset. Behind us, an American man is complaining to his wife about the cold breeze, about the clouds overhead, about the lack of amplification in the tour guides voice. He has been pompously protesting the entire tour. Apparently the universe has conspired to ruin his day.  From the sound of his steadfast objections, everything here is ill-suited for his presence. There should be something out of place with a five-foot-tall Japanese cattleman standing among Rembrandt paintings and modern architecture in Southern California, but theres not. And yet something is off with the everyday American maundering about the worlds inadequacies. Tuning out the American for a moment, I let the cowboy know he would fit in well back home in Montana. We have a lot of big hats and pickup trucks, I tell him. He says he likes that part of the countryâ€"“the Wild Western” he calls itâ€"and then recommends a book called The Solace of Open Spaces by Gretel Ehrlich. (Although the book is out of print, I later find a copy online and discover for myself Ehrlich’s gorgeous rumination on life on Wyoming’s high plains.) Despite the cowboy’s unconventional appearance, or maybe because of it, it is obvious that he would fit in almost anywhere. His posture, his gait, even his gap-toothed grin, speak volumes about this man’s interior life. He seems composed, resolute, contentâ€"many miles from arrogant.  In a word, he is confident. Conversely, no place seems fit for the babbling American: his regal standards and his poor expectations make assimilation a constant problem.  After another snarky comment directed toward his wife, I give him a searing eyeful, and his gaze immediately searches for his feet.  His voice may be the loudest in the pack, but volume isnt a measure of confidence. A truly confident man need only whisper to be heard. The sun is completing its coin toss into the ocean, our group outlined in twilight. Looking over the cowboy, surveying his staunch temperament, I realize that his confidence is simply an external display of a rich interior lifeâ€"congruency between his internal and external worlds.  Arrogance, on the other hand, is the opposite of confidence: a veneer of composure, incongruence at its zenith.  This is why a confident man is able to coalesce with any group, anywhereâ€"an arrogant man, nowhere at all. Confidence holds up under scrutiny, whereas arrogance fractures with the slightest crack. And, as human beings, we all have cracks. Sooner or later, a spotlight is shone and the arrogant mans pomposity  is exposed, seeping through the veneer, while the confident man just admires the beauty of his flaws. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Learning Disabilities and the Classroom - 1102 Words

Mary L. Burkitt Grand Canyon University: SPE 359 July 7, 2013 Learning Disabilities and the Classroom With every classroom you are able to see a dynamic between students and their teacher. It takes a strong teacher to really make everything accessible to all students including student with learning disabilities. The class that I watched was Christina Hilliker’s second grade. The disabilities that were part of this great dynamic were Downs, Autism, ADHD, auditory processing and behavior issues that cause learning difficulties. Within the classroom I was able to see many ways that Ms. Hilliker was maintaining her classroom. For general classroom behavior she used a stop light method (red, green yellow). Each student had a†¦show more content†¦I found it very strange to find out that the student with Downs was not labeled as a learning disability but was put into this category to access what she needed academically. I did not like the fact that due to funding most of the students like this were not on an alternative curriculum in a ll cases. I would however use Ms. Hilliker’s seating ideas because it seemed to help B.S. maintain his behavior and compete is work with minimal distractions and M.M. was close to the teacher at all times to ask for clarification. I did notice that M.M. was labeled as auditory processing disorder and there were few accommodations to help this student as an individual. While watching B.S. it was clear that there was the need to have some type of social skills expectations that should be worked with, this student was very immature and inappropriate at times. M.M. on the other hand had no social interaction with his classmates unless the teacher essential made him do it. I also saw that students that were higher sometimes made B.S. and C.S. get off task when they thought it would be funny for them to get negative attention from the teacher, this was normally right after the Para or teacher paid one on one attention to these two particular students. It was clear that Ms. Hillik er was familiar with this behavior as well because she was able to stop most of this behavior before it got out of hand and wasShow MoreRelatedLearning Disability And Its Impact On The Classroom849 Words   |  4 Pageshave more hardship than any child should ever have. In my second grade classroom, we have a majority of ELL’s coming from Spanish-speaking homes. As I have been observing my Cooperating teachers students’ that she looped with from first grade to second grade, she has been providing me with insight on some non-academic disabilities that one of our students suffers with. Although it is not technically considered a learning disability it prevents them from accomplishing tasks at the same rate as our otherRead More Students with Learning Disabilities and the Inclusive Classroom2748 Words   |  11 Pagesteachers dream of the classroom filled with fifteen tranquil, enthusiastic students, all with their note books out and pencils prompt for note taking. Thi s is the classroom where everyone works together, at the same pace, and without any interruptions or distractions. This is the ideal classroom setting. The only problem with this picture is that it does not exist. Students are all different. Kids all learn different ways, and at varying paces. Both Physical and Learning Disabilities can hinder a child’sRead MoreClassroom And Student Implications : Students With Learning Disabilities964 Words   |  4 PagesClassroom/Student Implications: In the classroom, the student with learning disabilities, notably struggles with pronouncing simple words, reading, or solving math problems as their peers. The major ramification of learning disabilities is the underachievement in one or more academic skills that are shared by most students with LD, with reading as the most difficult area for students. Later, their struggling might reach a point of dropping out of school, which rate is 8% (one out five studentsRead MoreStudents With Learning Disabilities Academic Needs Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pageswithin integrated classroom is students with learning disabilities academic needs are not being meet. For teachers to successfully enforce integrated classroom they need all the same resources a special education classroom receives for the students. What can occur unfortunately classroom population for teacher and student’s ratio is increasing, and can have a negative effect for student academic performance. For a classroom to b e successful the classroom size matter because classroom size has a greatRead MoreChildren And Disabled Students With Disabilities950 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents with disabilities feel? Have you question why students with disabilities are excluded from classrooms. Not everyone is passionate about bringing students with disabilities into a normal classroom environment. Let s begin with defining the terms students with disabilities. Students with disabilities mean children or students who require special education because of: autism; communication disorders; emotional disturbances; hearing impairments, specific learning disabilities; traumatic brainRead MoreBenefits Of Mainstreaming Students With Disabilities Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pageschoice to mainstream students in regular education classrooms for many years and have been set back in each IEP (Individualized Educational Plan) on what would benefit the child. Not enough students with disabilities are being mainstreamed so t hey can experience the full capacity of their learning stages. It is important for all individuals involved to understand the pros and cons associated with placing a student with disabilities into a normal classroom with everyday students. Allowing students theRead MoreDoes Inclusion Result In Favorable Effects? Essay709 Words   |  3 Pagestrends in education today is the inclusive of children and youth with handicaps into regular learning classrooms. Inclusion refers to the practice of instructing all students regardless of disability. Although the term is new, the basic law is not, and reflects the belief that students with a disability should be taught in the least restrictive environment, or as close to the mainstream of regular learning as possible. The least restrictive environment doctrine is one key element of federal specialRead MoreInclusion For Special Needs Students Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagespursuance in including culturally sensitive curriculum in today†™s classroom. However, there is still a lack of inclusion for special needs students in general classroom settings. My interest in this topic stems from my major in EC-6, Special Education. My goal is to work with students with special needs. It is important to integrate students with disabilities in classrooms with students without disabilities. By allowing students with disabilities to have access to a general education will enable them toRead MoreInclusion Has Been A Major Topic Between Educators And1576 Words   |  7 Pagesgood idea to educate general education children in the same classroom along with special needs children, including those with multiple disabilities. And then there are many that believe special education and general education can actually can be accomplished in one classroom along with one general education teacher and one special education teacher working together , teaching the same curriculum to a full inclusive classroom. Having a classroom like this f or children with special needs would be a hugeRead MoreI Am Observing For The After School Action Program Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pages12 students, which 4 students have learning disabilities. Research has been conducted by my observation of various techniques implemented for the inclusion of these students. During my observation, several approaches have been used with success in retaining students understanding of the material being presented. First, as a student whose major is ECL-6 Special Education, I want to study different approaches to which teachers implement on students with disabilities. Secondly, as I continue to observe

F. Scott Fitzgerald s Winter Dreams - 1184 Words

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Winter Dreams is about the dreams of Dexter Green. And he is the main character of the short story. His goal to achieve this dream affects the way he lives his life, and the consequences that come with the choices his makes. He wishes to be a part of the rich society. The dream was gone. Something had been taken from him.† Gidmark explicates Fitzgerald s quote, about when Dexter loses the capability of feeling and caring, he states, Dexter s dream of Judy had kept him energetic, passionate, and alive, and now the dream has been taken from him. Winter Dreams produces mental pictures in one s head, depicting the theme. The images are used in order to keep his love alive for Judy Jones and the brightness of his†¦show more content†¦3. This story is written by Hemingway in 1933.The story is focus on the old men and waiter men comment on that old men. In the story Nada means nothing in Spanish in Hemingway s A Clean Well-Lighted Place represent s the author s belief that life is without objective meaning. Without any meaning in his life, the old man has attempted suicide, but has been saved by others. Now that he must endure life, the old man stay late at the cafe seeking light from the darkness of nothingness nada to which he must return. Thus, he shuns his return to the darkness because in it he is alone with his thoughts, his despair, and his isolation. Because he knows that the world has no real norms, rules, or laws, it is only the light that keeps him from thinking about this nothingness. Likewise, the older waiter recognizes the futility of a life that is essentially meaningless. So, he tries to keep the cafe open and light for those others like him. After the cafe closes, the waiter stops for a drink at another place because he, too, is reluctant to return to the nothingness that awaits him in the dark. He would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight, he would go to sleep. Only the light makes him forget the nada. The old man only says, Nada, once, and he means it literally. The rest of the nadas come from the narration, which seems to be filtered through the old waiter s perspective. â€Å"It wasShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgerald s Winter Dreams Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe object of affection in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s â€Å"Winter Dreams,† at the onset of the story a young girl, is described as â€Å"beautifully ugly as little girls are apt to be who are destined after a few years to be inexpressibly lovely and bring no end of misery to a great number of men† (Fitzgerald 445). In this description the perspective of the male dominates. Everything detailed is inexplicably to the endearment of the man, from the â€Å"inexpressibly lovely† to the â€Å"no end of misery.† It is from thisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald901 Words   |  4 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald is well known for his numerous short stories and novels during the â€Å"Jazz Age†. Take for instance, his best-selling novel The Great Gatsby and one of his short stories â€Å"Winter Dreams†. Each tell a cunning tale of romance and â€Å"the one who got away†. These two tales provide a glimpse into the lives of the rich and poor in the dazzling â€Å"Jazz Age†. However, these two stories have their differences, and they each have similar points for the reader to discover. Throughout F. Scott Fitzgerald’sRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald930 Words   |  4 PagesF. Scott F itzgerald is mostly known for his images of young, rich, immoral individuals pursuing the American Dream of the 1920’s (Mangum). This image is best portrayed in his greatest novel, The Great Gatsby, alongside his principal themes, â€Å"lost hope, the corruption of innocence by money, and the impossibility of recapturing the past† (Witkoski). Fitzgerald was identified as a modern period writer because his themes and topics were inconsistent with traditional writing (Rahn). The modern periodRead MoreComparison of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Winter Dreams†953 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story of â€Å"Winter Dreams† was written around the same time that Fitzgerald was developing ideas for a story to turn into a novel. While The Great Gatsby wasn’t published until 1925, â€Å"Winter Dreams† dà ©buted in 1922 and the similarities between the novel and short story were done on purpose. â€Å"Winter Dreams† became a short draft which Fitzgerald paralleled The Great Gatsby after, but also differentiated the two in specific ways (â€Å"Winter Dreams† 217). The main characters are both men, Jay GatsbyRead MoreRomantic Nostalgia As A Method Of Self Destruction By Edna St. Vincent Millay And F. Scott Fitzgerald1298 Words   |  6 PagesHally Chirinos Professor Connie Douglas English 232 13 October 2014 Romantic Nostalgia as a Method of Self Destruction by Edna St. Vincent Millay and F. Scott Fitzgerald Throughout literature, countless poems, plays, and novels are written about lost loves. Either written as a poem of remembering the past or telling the story of people trying regain a love from the past, romantic nostalgia is what causes their emotions in poem or actions within a story. American writers of the 20th century haveRead MoreThe American Dream As Defined By F. Scott Fitzgerald960 Words   |  4 Pages Sweet Dreams (An Analysis of the American Dream as Defined by F. Scott Fitzgerald in Winter Dreams) In Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the author describes through a love story the idea of the American Dream. When young Dexter falls in love with Judy Jones, she quickly becomes his dream. However, it will become apparent that Dexter is not Judy’s dream. Although their dreams are very different, this somehow embodies the very idea of the American Dream as a concept that cannot be specificallyRead More Comparing F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesComparing F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway, though both evolved from the same literary time and place, created their works in two very dissimilar writing styles which are representative of their subject matter. The two writers were both products of the post-WWI lost generation and first gained notoriety as members of the American expatriate literary community living in Paris during the 1920s. Despite this underlying fact which influencedRead MoreAnalysis Of F. Scott Fitzgerald2104 Words   |  9 Pagescan be so undetermined, is what one spends ones entire life searching for. F. Scott Fitzgerald, a poetic and romantic writer, shows his definition of happiness through every story he has written. Fitzgerald’s background starts as a hopeless romantic, winning over the heart of his wife by rewriting a novel he had previously started on. Fitzgerald’s focus his entire life was becoming something, and wanting fame. During this 20’s, if one didn’t have the dazzle, and the glamour, one was nothing. Even theRead More The American Dream in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a brilliant illustration of life among the new rich during the 1920s, people who had recently amassed a great deal of wealth but had no corresponding social connections. The novel is an intriguing account about love, money and life during the 1920s in New York. It illustrates the society and the associated beliefs, values and dreams of the American population at that time. These beliefsRead More Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald and His Work Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesFrancis Scott Key Fitzgerald and His Work      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the time F. Scott Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby in 1925, he had already amassed an impressive literary resume. From his first commercial publication of the short story, Babes in the Woods at age 23 to The Sensible Thing at age 28, Fitzgerald published fourteen short stories, one play, two collections of short stories, and two novels. His first novel, This Side of Paradise, made Fitzgerald a celebrity

Essay about Adolf Hitler - 3455 Words

The seeds of Hitlers rise to power were planted following the outcome of the First World War. With Germanys defeat, many German men returned to Germany feeling betrayed by their country and government. Among them was Adolf Hitler, a young Austrian Corporal who had fought bravely for Germany. When the World War broke out, Hitler was very happy. The War had been a blessing to the young Hitler, who had been unsuccessful in civilian life. When Germany was defeated, Hitler was devastated. He wrote, quot;I could sit there no longer, once again, everything went black before my eyes, and I tottered and groped my way back to the place where we slept, and buried my burning head in the blankets and pillows.quot; (Stewart p.31). On returning†¦show more content†¦Although this was small party, in a few years it becomes the most powerful political group in Europe. When a member, Hitler became very busy, spending all his free time doing work for the party, forcing him to resign from his military position. Until that time a man by the name of Drexler had been the leader of this party. It was this man who saw that Hitler had much potential. This is therefore the reason for promoting him to the position of director of propaganda. In this new position, Hitler set to work, spreading news of the partys ideas and meetings. With the increased publicity, the party grew attracting! large audiences who were curious and intrigued by Hitler and his speeches. Although at first a shy and awkward man, Hitler became a very powerful and convincing orator. At theses meetings Hitler spoke of The Versaille Treaty, the Jews, Communists, and the Germany and the Worlds future. As one bystander said, quot; he could sent shivers down ones spinequot;.Within a few months membership increased to over a thousand members. Hoping to gain further popularity, Hitler changed the name of the Party to the National Socialist German Workers Party (abvr. NAZI). This because he felt that the old name was boring and lacked clarite. As his power increased he introduced a new flag and symbol of the Party. By 1920, Hitler demanded Drexler for full control of the party. Drexler, without any alternatives gave over power. With the new authority,Show MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler 794 Words   |  4 Pageshorrible attempt to annihilate certain races and religions was all brought upon by one man, Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler took power in 1833 and immediately started his plan to exterminate the Jews. Hitler had the Nazi party behind him and eventually thousands of soldiers to help him invade the many countries for living Jews. He held rallies where he had speeches to his followers and had what is called the Hitler Youth Movement that teaches the youth on what only the Nazi’s racial and political influenceRead MoreAdolf Hitler1820 Words   |  8 PagesAdolf Hitler â€Å"The one who does not remember history is bound to live through it again† –George Santayana Adolf Hitler is known for having the greatest impact on Europe in all of history, especially Germany. Although the majority of people look down on him for his mass murder of about 6 million Jews in a short time period, his story of influence on a whole country is incredible. He started out as a boy from a little town in Austria with nothing more than a paintbrush and a dream; a dream to becomeRead MoreEssay on Adolf Hitler1412 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler â€Å"Germany will either be a world power or will not be at all.† (Hitler 137) Hitler was driven by his hunger for power, causing the death of millions of innocent people. No one could have known the dramatic effect this man would soon have on the world. Adolf Hitler’s life began in Austria on April 20, 1889. Born at the Braunqu-am-inn. Hitler had four siblings Gustav Hitler, Ida Hitler, Paula Hitler, and Edmund Hitler. Gustav and Ida Hitler died in their infancy, while his brotherRead More Adolf Hitler Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler When most people think of Adolf Hitler, they think of a cruel person who killed many innocent Jews. The majority of people do not think of Hitler as the type of guy who would write plays and librettos for operas. Let alone do they think of him as the type of person who loved to read Westerns and play cowboys and Indians as a kid. Was Adolf Hitler a bad leader? Was there a side of Adolf Hitler that the world did not see? Hitler’s life impacted the world in many waysRead MoreThe Rise Of Adolf Hitler1457 Words   |  6 Pagespeople who have elected them. The rise of Dictator Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Nazi Germany would prove to be an event in history that was totally inexplicable in any terms. He was an adventurer who desired to conquer the German people and dominate the entire world, reshaping it accordingly to his desires and pleasures. The evidence of his pestiferous acrimony is all around us, making it quite difficult to believe he did it all on his own. Hitler is one who emerges from obscurity to shake the worldRead MoreAdolf Hitler Essay12 77 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler 1889 - 1920 Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in the small Austrian village of Braunau Am Inn. Hitler would one day lead a movement which would leave its mark in history. To understand him better, we must study his early life and roots. Family Information ================== Hitlers father, Alois was born in 1837. He was the son of Maria Anna Schicklgruber whose mate was unknown, but could have been Jewish. When Alois HitlerRead MoreEssay on Adolf Hitler1159 Words   |  5 PagesAdolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was born to Alois and Klara Hitler on April 20th, 1889. His childhood was unhappy, but not totally miserable. His father wanted him to be a civil servant, but Adolf wanted to become a painter. Hitler did well in Elementary school, but later on he failed miserably, which he blamed his teachers for. His father died in 1903, and Adolf dropped out of school two years later. In Mein Kampf (My Struggle), the autobiography Hitler dictated while in Landsberg prison in 1924Read MoreAdolf Hitler Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler was one of the most feared and cruel men in world history, but how did he come to power? Hitler was one out of a few men to be feared by thousands of people. Hilter was responsible for killing millions of innocent people, mostly of the Jewish religion. He was the chancellor of Germany for 12 years and the leader of the Nazi party. He was a very important person in history, most notably during World War II. When Hitler was young he moved to a town named Vienna, this is where he acquiredRead MoreAdolf Hitler Essays1302 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler Hitler. The name says it all. He is said to be the incarnation of absolute evil. The devil himself. There have many dictators in the twentieth century that were considered harsh dictators; Mussolini,Stalin, Saddam Hussein, but no one like Adolf Hitler. Hitler’s rule over Germany had a major impact on history and the entire world. Adolf Hitler held the most powerful and cruelest dictatorship of the 20th century. Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889 in the small Austrian villageRead MoreThe Impacts of Adolf Hitler1199 Words   |  5 PagesWhat impacts did Hitler have at the time and later in history? The start of World War II was one of the biggest impacts. There were many countries involved in this war. 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Relationship Between Investment Growth and Managerial Ownership

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Between Investment Growth and Managerial Ownership. Answer: Relationship Between the Investment Growth and Firms Usage of Derivatives The use of derivatives is primarily directed to achieve risk reduction. There are different strategies that can be formed using various derivative products such as forward contract, Futures, Options, and Swaps (Lynch, 2011). The primary objective of these strategies is to reduce the financial risk that may arise due to change in interest rates, inflation, foreign exchange rates, and the capital market indices. The investment growth is coherently related to the risk of investment (Titman, Wei, and Xie, 2004). The risk of investment is the possibility of incurring losses on the proposed investments. Thus, as the probability of incurring losses on the proposed investments goes high, the risk of investment mounts up and the growth of investment is affected adversely. Conversely, when the risk of investment is low, the firms believe in increasing the amount of investment and the growth of investment is enhanced (Titman, Wei, and Xie, 2004). Thus, there exists a strong adverse relationship between the investment growth and the risk of investment. Further, the risk of investment could be correlated to the use of derivatives of a firm. The derivatives are used to reduce the risk, thus, with the use of derivatives the risk of investment goes down which increases the growth of investments. Therefore, it could be inferred that a firm with usages of derivatives will achieve high growth in investment in comparison to the one which does not use derivatives (Sajjad, Noreen, and Zaman, 2013). A research was conducted by Shaari (2013), to explore the impact of use of derivatives on the investment growth. For this purposes, two factors such as capital expenditure and dividend payout ratio were taken as the representatives of investment growth. The empirical evidences show that there exists a positive relationship between the capital expenditure and use of derivatives (Shaari, et al., 2013). This implies that the firms using derivatives get the coverage against risk and that gives them the confidence to diversify and expand by increasing the amount of capital expenditure. For example, a firm considering expanding its operations in other countries gets exposed to the risk of foreign exchange (Shaari, et al., 2013). In order to cover this risk of foreign exchange, the firm can do currency hedging using derivatives such as future contract, forward contract, and option contracts. Now, since the risk of foreign exchange is covered, the firm can go for expansion beyond local boundaries with confidence (Shaari, et al., 2013). Further, it has been observed that the analysts have now started considering derivatives in investment appraisals. The real option in capital budgeting is the prominent example. Real option in capital budgeting can be used to cover the risk of failure of the investment project. The founder of business can enter into a contract to sell the business for a specified value at some pre-fixed date (Jacque, 2014). Thus, it reduces the risk of failure of business by covering the sales consideration. In this regard, it should be noted that if the risk of failure of business is adequately covered the investors will be willing to enhance their investment and an automatic rise in the investment growth could be observed (Jacque, 2014). Relationship Between Managerial Ownership and Firms Usage of Derivatives In the context of decision making, the managerial ownership refers to the mix of insiders and outsiders who take active part in taking strategic decisions for the firm. The insiders in this context refer to the people of management such as managing director, chief financial officer, and chief executive officer while the outsiders refer to the equity owners (Shaari, et al., 2013). The structure and size of the management within the firm does have great bearing on the strategic decision making of the firm. Further, the size of management of the firm is also linked with the scale of operations of the firm. The larger the scale of operations of the firm, wider will be the size of management. It could be observed that a small firm is managed by the owner himself while the large corporations have dedicated teams for specified jobs (Shaari, et al., 2013). In order to understand the relationship between the managerial ownership and the use of derivatives, it is important to re-emphasize the need of use of derivates. The firms use derivatives to hedge against the price fluctuations. These price fluctuations could be related to stock prices, commodity prices, currency rates, or interest rates. Now, three different variables could be used to assess the relationship between the managerial ownership and the firms usages of derivative (Adkins, Carter, Simpson, 2006). These three different variables are ownership by insiders, ownership by institutional block holders, and CEO compensation. In regard to the ownership by insiders, the findings of the research reveal that larger the ownership is with the insiders; lesser will be the possibility to use derivatives for hedging the risk (Adkins, Carter, Simpson, 2006). This happened because when the insiders own large part of equity of the firm, they would want to increase value of their holding. The value of their holdings could be increased with the increased volatility or risk, thus, they may take decision to not to opt for hedging (Adkins, Carter, Simpson, 2006). Further, in regard to the second variable that is ownership by institutional block holders, it was observed that as the ownership on the institutional shareholders increases, the firms use of derivatives for hedging also increases. This happens because the institutional investors are considered risk-averse investors and they do not want to keep their exposure open. Further, the institutional investors also does not take part in the day to day management of the firm, therefore, they want to be affirmed about the bottom line performance by appropriately guarding it against any type of risk (Adkins, Carter, Simpson, 2006). The third variable that is CEO compensation is the most crucial in understanding the relationship between managerial ownership and the use of derivatives by the firm (Adkins, Carter, Simpson, 2006). This is because the chief financial offer is the upper most authority in the management and finality of the decision to hedge or not depends upon him. In this regard, it has been explored that if the CEO compensation is given to a large extent in the form of share options, the likelihood of using derivatives to hedge the risk goes down. This happens because the CEO would want to enhance value of his share options (compensation), which is possible with increased risk. Thus, in such cases, the CEO might decide not opt for derivatives and hedge the risk (Adkins, Carter, Simpson, 2006). Relationship Between Liquidity and Firms Usage of Derivatives The liquidity refers to the firms ability to pay off short term debt as and when it falls due for payment. The liquidity of a firm is indicated by the current and quick ratio (Shaari, et al., 2013). The current ratio which is computed by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities is considered to be the prominent indicator liquidity. The use of derivatives in respect to the items of current assets and current liabilities is essential in establishing its linkage with liquidity. In respect to current assets, a firm may use derivatives to hedge the foreign currency accounts payables and bills receivables. Further, in regard to the current liabilities, the firm could use derivatives to hedge the exposure on the foreign currency accounts payables, note payables, and other short terms foreign currency loans (Shaari, et al., 2013). In order to find out the relationship between liquidity and the use of derivatives, current ratio has been considered as proxy (Shaari, et al., 2013). The result of empirical research conducted in this area depicts that there exists an adverse relationship between current ratio and the usages of derivatives. This implies that when the current ratio goes up, the firms usage of derivatives in hedging the risk goes down and vises a versa. Thus, it could be inferred that an adverse relationship exists between liquidity and the usages of derivatives by the firm (Shaari, et al., 2013). It has been observed that the firms with high current ratio (adequate liquidity), face little risk and thus, the need to reduce the risk further using derivatives remains less. The adequacy of funds to meet out the short term debt makes the firm independent and reduces the financial risk to a great extent. This appears to be the most probable reason for adverse relationship between the usages of firms derivatives and liquidity (Shaari, et al., 2013). Relationship Between Profitability and Firms Usage of Derivatives It is crucial to understand the relationship between profitability and the firms usages of the derivatives. All the firms operate with the primary objective of bringing stability in the profitability. Therefore, it is quite common to understand that all strategies and policies of the firm will be directed to stabilize the profitability, whether those strategies are risk management strategies with usages of derivatives or other strategies and plans. It is an established fact that the firms with adequate risk management outperform the others which are not able to manage the risk adequately (Chanzu and Gekara, 2014). The use of derivatives is a strategy that a firm plans for financial risk control and reduction. Thus, there would be definitely an impact of usages of derivatives on the firms profitability. However, the magnitude of the impact will depend upon the efficacy with which the firm usages the derivatives to reduce the financial risk (Chanzu and Gekara, 2014). Generally, the usages of derivatives will reduce the risk exposure and thus, the portability can be expected to stabilize (Shaari, et al., 2013). However, the use of derivatives to reduce the risk exposure could be quite costly and for that reason it may reduce the profits of the firm. The firm has to pay high premiums in the case of derivatives such as future contracts, forward contracts, and option contracts. Thus, if the strategies to hedge the risk are not planned appropriately, it may adversely affect the profitability. The commonly accepted principle that lower the risk lower will be the profitability and vice a versa, also proves to be true in the case of usage of derivatives. The use of derivatives reduces the volatility in profitability but at the same time it also increases the cost thus, bringing the profitability down (Shaari, et al., 2013). The researches have been conducted to find out the impact of use of derivatives on return on equity and return on assets. The return on equity and return on assets are considered to be adequate representatives of profitability. The return on equity measures the percentage of net profit to the shareholders equity deployed in the business while the return on assets shows overall profitability of the firm. The empirical evidences depicts that both the return on equity as well as return on assets goes down with the usages of derivatives (Shaari, et al., 2013). There has been observed a negative relationship between the use of derivatives and the return earned by the firm. These empirical evidences can also be supported by the theories of financial management also. The theories of financial management state that as the risk reduces, the return goes down (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2007). Further, there is one more reason for reduction in the return on equity and the return on assets with the usage of derivatives. This is related to the impact of derivative contracts on the balance sheet (Ramirez, 2015). The derivative contracts increase equity or liability on one side and assets on the other side of the balance sheet. Further, the cost of derivatives such as premium reduces the net profits of the firm. Thus, the combined effect of increase in equity and reduction in net profits causes the return on equity to go down. Similarly, the increase in assets and reduced profits cause the return on assets to decrease (Ramirez, 2015). References Adkins, L.C., Carter, D.A., Simpson, W.G. 2006. Managerial incentives and the use of foreign-exchange derivatives by banks. Retrieved January 08, 2017, from https://learneconometrics.com/pdf/cragg12.pdf Brigham, E. and Ehrhardt, M. 2007. Financial Management: Theory Practice. Cengage Learning. Chanzu, L.N. and Gekara, M. 2014. Effects of Use of Derivatives on Financial Performance of Companies Listed in the Nairobi Security Exchange. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(4), pp. 27-43. International Corporate Finance, + Website: Value Creation with Currency Derivatives in Global Jacque, L.L. 2014. Capital Markets. John Wiley Sons. Lynch, T.E. 2011. Derivatives: A Twenty-First Century Understanding. Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, 43, pp. 1-51. Ramirez, J. 2015. Accounting for Derivatives: Advanced Hedging under IFRS 9. John Wiley Sons. Sajjad, F., Noreen, U., and Zaman, K. 2013. Impact of Derivatives on Financial Services Sector and Risk Management. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(6), pp. 748-758. Shaari, N.A., Hasan, N.A., Palanimally, Y.R., Kumar, R., and Mohamed, M.H. 2013. The Determinants of Derivative Usage: A study on Malaysian firms. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(2), pp. 300-316. Titman, S., Wei, K.C., and Xie, F. 2004. Capital investment and stock returns. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 39(4), pp. 677-700.