Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice - Essay Examplee status of vasectomy via interviews most of the interviews involved telephoning, administration of questionnaires, the use of the healthcare centres registries, as well as the corporal interview by nurses. Among the participants of the research include patients that had experienced the vas deferens surgical operation. In order to control the cases study various controls were taken into account these included individuals that were diagnosed with skin and lung cancer. Other conditions such as digestive disorders and rehabilitation problems, as well as the neighbours of the patients were also treated as the controls of the case study (Bernal, Latour and Gomez, 2012).However, as regards they made decisions regarding the relevance of the primary studies, Bernal, Latour and Gomez (2012) do not point out the modality of selecting the papers for a review. The quality of the methodology was evaluated by taking into regard a number of thr eats that are likely to be absent or present with respect to the validity. Among the threats included misclassifying of a disease and inadequacy of selecting the controls. Bernal, Latour and Gomez (2012) carried out an observance on a population of 221,238. Out of this population, 14,334 were categorized under case-control studies, while 206,904 fell under the cohort studies there were nine case-control studies, and five cohort studies. chase the research, Bernal, Latour and Gomez (2012) claimed that the experimental evidence that was attained regarding the relationship between prostate cancer and vasectomy was characterized by a low level of quality. It was identified that there are several(prenominal) biases with respect to the sources the sources attempted to overestimate the effect of vasectomy. In this respect, the evidence that was experienced does not advocate for a change in the family planning this is due to wish of justified evidence. Similarly, the evidence does not ind icate whether individuals who have experienced

Why is the abortion issue back again Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Why is the miscarriage append back again - Essay ExampleRepublicans traditionally oppose abortion whereas Democrats support it. This paper analyses the reasons why Republicans brought back the abortion output again at present.The major reason for bringing abortion issue back in the public debate is the forthcoming presidential election. Republicans clearly know that they need a serious issue to counter the increasing popularity of chair Obama. It is believed that the popularity of Obama, which was once on the decline, started to grow again after the killing of Osama. Obama is going to contest the presidential elections for the second consecutive time and ordinary election issues whitethorn not reduce the public support enjoying at present by Obama. The above awareness forced the Republicans to bring back the old abortion issue once again to attack the democrats. In fact Republicans are adopting a dual standard in their policies. If the Republicans had wanted to prevent abortions, they would have funded a consummate(a) and mandatory sex education initiative from the earliest grades in all schools and combined it with the distribution of free contraceptives in all high schools, public and surreptitious (Schaeffer).President Obama signed an executive order on March 24, 2010 which forced the Republicans to raise the abortion issue again. According to this executive order or long-suffering Protection and Affordable Care Act it is necessary to establish an adequate enforcement mechanism to ensure that Federal funds are not used for abortion services (except in cases of rape or incest, or when the life of the woman would be endangered) (Montanaro). American government is currently reducing its involvement in many of the public utility services like, healthcare, transportation, telecommunications, drinking water projects etc. In healthcare sector, government spending has been reduced considerably over the past few

Sex Discrimination in the UK Mobile Phone Industry Essay

Sex Discrimination in the UK Mobile Phone Industry - Essay ExampleBut it is a certain suppose that even if such misconceptions exist, it is the responsibility of the management to have them corrected rather than letting them prevail.The civilize of this report is to present a case in call of analysis of the mobile phone industry in the UK, by critically analyzing its environmental issues and prime focus being on the gender discrimination in the industry, which is becoming a leading issue in the organizations world over.Gender discrimination has its roots routed in the very basics of our society and has prevailed in the analogous for several decades or even more probably from the time the first sexual harassment case was established, not in the court of law, but on the grounds of earth. However, the topic here is precisely focussed towards the issue relevant to the mobile phone industry in the UK. This industry has a good forward-looking and growing rate and is more professional ly structured than many other industries across the world. the prime aim of targeting this industry is the fact that it has extensive ends of interactions with other industries and it in any case has some tremendous professionals employed like MBAs and Engineers, and so on. With the boosting growth in this industry, its call centre services have also expanded and outsourcing has taken put in similar context. Thus, it has huge branches that spread from one end of the world to the other. Therefore, this industry has been chosen.The report conducts a brief literature survey and an extensive interview-cum news with around 20 employees of different mobile industry giants, with a 5050 male-to-female ratio to ensure that the data is not biased and there is little sampling error with more random sampling. The key area that has been highlighted here is the feeling of employees that they are being discriminated based on gender differences, with the prime aim and objective being the same.G ender discrimination, over the years, has been very destructive for organizations on the whole by means of causing loss of motivation and trust amongst the employees over the management decisions leading to loss of productivity and loss of goodwill not just amongst the employees but amongst the other group of stakeholders as well. This has even led organizations into having law-suits filed by employees of the same, tarnishing the goodwill of the organization on the whole in one go.Thus, the said subject is considered of extreme importance for an organization, and thus it is being studied in this seek with the focus on the most progressive industries in the world i.e. the mobile industry in the UK.Literature ReviewEuropean Business EnvironmentThe European business environment is probably the most competent and competitive in the world, with the facts standing erect in cases of mostly all industries. This has always been recognized and esteem by the European Union as well. With impo sition of taxes, quotas, and duties, the local business has always been prevented and promoted towards steady and strong growth. European products

Financial Reporting Systems and Economic Development Essay

Financial Reporting Systems and Economic Development - Essay ExampleThe role of the pecuniary reporting system, as supported by accounting standards, the law and the ethics, in economic development is reviewed and analyzed in this paper. Particular emphasis is given on plication representation, as an indicator of the reliability of monetary statements. Also, the circumstances under which true and fair override apply are identified and explained. It is proved that close representation, in its current form, is something more than simple a compliance with accounting standards. One of the most critical issues when having to evaluate the quality of pecuniary statements is that these statements should achieve faithful representation. In order to understand the role of faithful representation, as an element of the financial reporting systems, it would be necessary to refer to these systems, as the priming on which a firms financial practices are usually based. In conformance with Udd in et al., two major financial reporting systems are considered as the most credible for businesses in all sectors the US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) and the IFRS.1 The use of one of these systems, which have been appropriately tested as of the strong suit in financial reporting, results to the increase of credibility of the local economy. From this point of view, it has been proved that the use of these systems within a particular country leads to the increase of the foreign convey investment (FDI) to the above country. Thus, accounting standards and financial reporting are closely related to the performance of the local economy, of course under the terms that global financial markets are stabilized, i.e. that these markets do not suffer from delays in the implementation of financial and other projects. In the literature the term faithful representation has been given non-homogeneous explanations, which are all similar. For example, in the study of Hussey reference is made to the use of the term faithful representation in order to show the reliability of the financial statements involved.2 In other words, the specific term is used in order to indicate the fact that the information included in the financial statements is accurate and responds to the real(a) financial status of the organization. Apart from reliability, the term faithful representation also reflects the get it onness of information included in the financial statements.3 The financial statements are considered as complete when they include all necessary information.4 A similar approach in the description of faithful representation is included in the study of Needles et al. In accordance with the above researcher, the term faithful representation means that the financial statement involved is complete, neutral and free from defect.5 It is further explained that the phrase free from error does not imply the full accuracy of the particular financial statement, as such re quirement is quite difficult, almost impossible, to be achieved since financial statements are super based on estimations.6 At this point, the following problem appears how the reliability of financial statements is proved? The fact that there are some transactions that cannot be measured, at least not precisely, is highlighted in the study of Hussey.7 On the other hand, the availability of the data involved is an issue that needs to be carefully considered when having to

Australian Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian Business Law - Essay ExamplePeter has $5,000 in his savings and intends to use this to purchase a maintain of the art cycle and textbooks. Peter searches the internet for online bicycle stores as he had heard that you can induce a good deal of sec contact bicycles online. Peter finds a good selection on tour motorbikes.com.au (Tour bikes). The bicycle he finds is described as follows. This is one of the most sought after bicycles we currently take a crap in stock. It is the same model that was used by Cadel Evans when he won tour de france, a cadel evans GF. This model is in short supply in the second hand market and presents a rare opportunity for purchasers. This bicycle has been completely restored and refurbished. There are new tyres and new chain. The seat is extremely comfortable and comes in a dashing green colour. This bike is joy to ride. $6,000. Payment is due upon delivery Peter really wants to purchase this bicycle but doesnt have sufficient amount of mon ey for the same and his textbooks. Peter wants to know a little more about the bicycle, so he telephones the owner and sole possessor of tourbikes, sally. Peter asks what it means in the advert that it has been restored and refurbished. Sally responds that That means that we have ensured that the frame of the bicycle is sound and has been repainted. It also includes replacement of gears and replacement of any change spokes. Peter thanks sally and immediately email tour bikes the following information. I would like to purchase the Cadell Evans GF that is advertised for sale on your website. I deal that a second hand is only worth $4,000 at best. Please advice if you are willing to sell to me the bicycle for this amount via email by button up of business tomorrow. I would also like you to arrange for immediate delivery. Immediately, Burt a middle aged cycling enthusiast has also seen the bike advertised for sale at tour bikes website. He is a Cadell Evans fan and also emails tour bikes at the same time that Peter does. I want to buy the Cadell Evans GF that has been listed. I will pay you $5,000 Sally reads the emails as soon as they enter the inbox and replies to Burts only. give thanks you for your interest in our product, the Cadell Evans restored bicycle. I cannot sell that amazing bicycle for that little. However, I will accept $5,500 Burt does not respond until 4pm the following day Thank you for your response but I dont think the bike is worth that much. I am no longer interested. Sally really needs to sell the bike. She has an outstanding account with her creditors and needs to make a defrayal of $4,000 within the next few days otherwise she runs the risk of the bank foreclosing on her mortgage. Sally checks the time and it is 430pm and notes that she still has 30mins before close of business. She emails peter. Thank you for your interest in our product. The Cadell Evans restored bicycle. I will sell the bike to you at $4,000. I have organized im mediate delivery. Payment of $4,000 is due upon delivery as specified. The email enters Peters inbox at 445pm, (15 minutes to Closure of Business). Meanwhile, Peter is on orientation camp at the University and does not have price of admission to his email for a period of three days. When peter returns home and checks his email, he sees an email from Sally. Peter emails Sally saying that he is sorry and he is no longer interested in buying the bicycle. He no longer wants to buy such a good bicycle for his courier job as he has just heard

Strawberries Attributes and Promotion Strategies Research Paper

Strawberries Attributes and Promotion Strategies - Research Paper ExampleWhat image do you currently have in regards to strawberries? What are the positive and invalidating aspects of this image? 2. What features or attributes do you consider when choosing whether to purchase strawberries and why these features? 3. In what situations do batch eat strawberries? 4. Why do you deliberate some people do non purchase strawberries? What then would motivate them to purchase strawberries? 5. Are people willingly ready to purchase a punnet of strawberries? Do you everlastingly deprave in punnets? And how often? 6. What values do you have in regards to eating strawberries? Do you think these values can attract other customers to eat strawberries? responder one I love strawberries. They are sweet and healthy for the body. My children love them also. Otherwise people do not eat the fruit because of the thoroughgoing foods organism introduced all over. The attributes I look for I the oduo r of the fruit and its size. The fruit should have a sweet aroma and should be just ripe. I often sully berries that also well packaged by the local industries. People tend more often to eat strawberries during picnics and as a fruit at home. I always carry some during picnics. Some people tend to have different desires for fruits. I think some just dislike the fruit, the price is not consumer friendly or they eat it in other form like wines and jams. I think it is wise to create awareness of benefits of eating the fresh entire fruit in matters of health. Otherwise advertising would go a long way in achieving this and free samples. People always purchase punnets of berries. Personally I do that all the time. I value the health benefits of this fruit. Research has shown that it helps in fighting cancer and has a lot of nutrients. I think people should be made aware of this value. I believe it can change the whole outlook of strawberries. Respondent two I do eat strawberries as a fr uit. I however, prefer other types of fruits. The strawberries are quite expensive compare to maybe eating a banana. I look for big bunches that are impudently packaged Plus of course the price of the entire package. People eating strawberries anytime at work, leisure, breakfast. Personally I eat them over lunch time. I think they dont like the fruit otherwise the price is not as high as to discourage consumption. Otherwise with the issue of inorganic and organic foods they may also have had an issue. To motivate them to buy, onward motions with free samples etc. should be done. People always buy punnets of strawberries. I value the fresh fruit in matters of nutrient content plus it is a good way to maintain weight. Respondent three I love strawberries because they are good for my health. I always smell the fruit I read the package plus am very conscious regards to inorganic fruits. I prefer locally produced. During picnics, breakfast, lunchtime. People do not always purchase them because they do not understand the benefits of strawberries. Irregardless of the price I think the benefits outweigh the cost. People always buy them in punnets. I do that every day. I value the health benefits plus the taste of the strawberries. They look so good and taste so good. Health promotion should be done in regards to strawberries. Respondent four Strawberries are just fruits like any other fruit. I dont consume it so often because of the upcoming brands of inorganic foods in the market. I check for locally produced strawberries that are fresh. During

Performance Evaluation of Banking Industry in Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

surgical operation evaluation of Banking Industry in Bangladesh EssayBanking is an essential application that affects the welfargon of all other industry and the economy as a tout ensemble. In fact, growth and emergence of a republic signifi merchant shiptly depend on the level of growth and victimisation act by the banking sphere of influence. There is a consensus regarding the positive graphic symbol goldbricked by the monetary sector in promoting economic development (Gerschenkron, 1962 Patrick, 1966 Galbis, 1977). In Bangladesh, banking sector has flourished a lot comp bed to other sectors of the economy. But the role of this key sector in national development is not satisfactory. There is not only an extremely love almost capital stock but the rate of capital formation is withal very meager.The present-day(prenominal) rates of domestic savings and investments as a % of gross domestic product are 20.2 and 24.4% respectively (Bangladesh Bank Annual Report 2004- 05). In the past, the rate of savings and investment were much lower than the present rate. Therefore, development plans of Bangladesh set about been mostly aid development. Between 1972-73 and 1981-82, aid has financed on an average of 75% of fixed investments and the lions share of the development budget (ERD). Under these Circumstances, internal resource mobilization is an urgent necessity for a self-reliant Bangladesh. Towards this end, banking Industry may play a crucial role in mobilizing communitys savings and channeling the same into the socially desirable sectors of the economy.As monetary intermediaries, banks can play a crucial role in of most economies. In the absence of effective functional securities marketplace, the banking sector in Bangladesh takes the lead in mobilizing resources and allocating funds to put onable ends. The effectiveness of financial intermediation can affect economic growth. The financial intermediation affects the net founder to savings a nd gross return to investment. The prominence of financial institutions for rapid economic growth is unanimous. The bank based view of financial clay spicylights the positive role of bank in mobilizing resource, identifying good projects, monitoring managers and managing risks. The role of banking institutions as intermediary between the investor and entrepreneur is of vital importance in a developing country like Bangladesh.The military rating of Banks consummation is a complex process involving interactions between the environments, internal operations, and external activities. In performing this evaluation concerned authorities in the banking sector prior to independence felt for resource mobilization and using the same in the desired sectors. For this reason all the commercial banks were nationalized immediately subsequently independence (Bhattacharjee, 1989). Development of buck private sector is essential to cope with the challenges of globalization. But considering the s ocio-economic condition of Bangladesh, extreme privatization, regionicularly in the banking sector, may not be desired.Because, scour though, the sum up of private banks (local foreign) are increasing and the number of nationalized banks are decreasing, still the NCBs occupy a dominant place in the banking sector of the country and play a pioneering role in capital formation, stimulating the level of industrialization, poverty alleviation and homophile development and in the overall economic development. NCBs provide loans to plenteous and priority sectors both public and private covering agriculture, industry, trade and commerce. On the contrary, private banks mainly operate in towns and metropolitan cities and do business with notable entrepreneurs and with the affluent sections of the society while foreign banks operate only in the cities and do business with the elite section of the society. Hence, this physical composition focused on the exertion of the banking sector in general with a wider lance.As financial intermediaries, banks can play a crucial role in the most economies. In the absence of effective functional securities market, the banking sector in Bangladesh takes the lead in mobilizing resources and allocating funds to profitable ends. The effectiveness of financial intermediation can affect economic growth. The financial intermediation affects the net return to savings and gross return to investment. The prominence of financial institutions for rapid economic growth is unanimous. The bank based view of financial system highlights the positive role of bank in mobilizing resource, identifying good projects, monitoring managers and managing risks. The role of banking institutions as intermediary between the investor and entrepreneur is of vital importance for a developing country like Bangladesh. So the believe is a demand of the time for better progress towards a developed future.2.0 Conceptual Background of the need Performance indica tes the degree of managements success in allocating the sources of the firms capital to productive use and is focused in the in the market value of the firms capital. Performance may be defined as the accomplishment of the goals which are interpreted into consideration. The word performance may be the synonym of efficiency in the context of business phenomenon. Many scholars opined that performance of a firm may be considered as the term managerial performance. An evaluation of performance indicates to what extent an enterprise achieves its target. Evaluation is a judgment worth of something and like all judicial matters, it calls for justice, equity and good conscious on the part of the person making the evaluation. It is to be considered an integral part of the management control on a continuous and systematic basis.Performance evaluation is an essential dig of management. It is relevant both in seeking answer to various questions to be asked about area of activities in which per formance might be improved. The main use of performance evaluation is to assist in decision on two levels i.e. at a lower level. It can be used to inform the mean solar day to day decision making of the management indicating how to maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of the banks in perfectly term. At a higher level it can be used to inform the annual planning and budgeting process in which decisions are taken about the long term deployment of resources and target for achievement. Thus it can be said that performance evaluation means a method under which the performance of an organization is evaluated differently.In Bangladesh performance of banking sector was considered with a very high note from the very beginning. It was felt that new born liberated country will need the performance of banking sector to keep the economy live. In doing so, subsequently the war of liberation, the banks operating Bangladesh(except those incorporated a all-inclusive) were nationalized. Thes e banks were merged and grouped for achieving the goal of government and people. With the passage of time the number and types of bank spread out and the area of banking support is to a fault enlarged vividly. For this, study becomes a necessity to find out loop holes as well as areas so that service can be expanded towards all necessary ends. For doing so banking industry plays a pivotal role in capital formation and stimulate the level of industrialization, poverty alleviation and human development.In a sense, healthy banks and healthy economies seem to go together. Therefore, performance of such organizations particularly operational efficiency, management soundness, productivity, profitability and social profitability are of great concern. An in-depth study to analyze the performances of the banking industry of Bangladesh by applying the most widely used indicators of bank performance could be worth while. The banking industry of Bangladesh is composed of pentad types of bank s viz. Nationalized Commercial Banks(NCBs), Specialized banks(SBs), private Commercial Banks(PCBs), Foreign Commercial Banks(FCBs) and Islamic Banks(IBs) differ in their motives. Different types of banks give priority to different stakeholders. So, performance analysis as a whole can make the industry more creative and more supportive to achieve their organizational goal as well as can help the nation to avoid poverty and learn to lead prospective lives. Because , performance analysis as a whole will bring out all loop holes for back benchers in this sector and allow them with information to go ahead with prospective mentality.3. Objectives of the Study The broad objective of this proposal is to make a comprehensive analysis of growth, productivity, profitability and performance of the banking industry in Bangladesh and to suggest measures for improving their performance. The specific objectives of the proposal are as follows To analyze and compare the growth styles of banking fac ilities/services and output of banking sector as an industry. To measure and compare the productivity trends of banking sector. To compare overall performance of the gull section of banks from various angles. To conduct an in-depth analysis of the causes of lower or higher levels of productivity and performance (if any) among all banks. To evaluate existing remittance disbursement system and direct its profitable utilization through proper planning and action. To suggest the possible lines of actions to improve the performance of various categories of banks.4. Justification of The Study 1. Literature freshen From a detail literature round off it is found that a good number of researches were conducted in the field of performance evaluation in banking sector. But unfortunately, Performance Analysis of Banking Industry in Bangladesh as a whole was not conducted. As such the literature review of the following articles, journals and research work compelled me to have a distinct idea that a research of having a complete picture of Banking industry is a demand of the time. As such my literature review found following ideasAbedin, Roy and Mustafi(1989) in a study titled, A Preliminary Note on Measurement of Productivity in the Commercial Banks of Bangladesh, mentioned that there was a steady growth of bank output during 1975-1988. The output was measured as the volume of working fund handled per employees. There were variations in the levels of productivity of different types of banks. They alike mentioned about a clinging trend of productivity index of private banks with little variations during 1985-88. In case of Foreign banks they reported a sharp fall of productivity index from 100 in 1985 to 37 in 1986, then a rising trend. The limitations of his study were that he did not considered the social aspects of the Banks.The data on working fund were not comparable with any published data of Bangladesh Bank (BB) due to using the end June and end december fi gures of every year. The study neither attempts to analyze the causes of lower or higher productivity of banks nor strongly suggests the measures for increasing the levels of the banks productivity. Cookson(1989) in his article titled, Productivity in the Banking Industry in Bangladesh declared that productivity in the banking industry is very difficult to estimate by using available data. He also said that the conceptual difficulties limit comparisons among the banks in Bangladesh. In this paper the author tried and true to give a proper definition of labor productivity in commercial banking. He pointed out that the productivity of the total commercial banking system was stagnant. However, he took a partial approach for measuring productivity of the banks. In no way it reflected the total productivity scenario of the banking sector.Shakoor(1989) s paper on Measurement of Profitability in Commercial Banks in Bangladesh investigated the nature of productivity of four nationalized co mmercial banks(NCBs) during 1972-86 and that of five private commercial banks (PCBs) during 1983-86. The paper focused on some selected indicators of general productivity and profitability, such as deposits, advances, income, spread, expenditure etc. per employee and per discriminate. He used some statistical measures such as averages, standard deviation and coefficient of variations both NCBs and PCBs. The other statistical measures like, trend, correlation, regression analysis etc. were not used by the author. He observe that the productivity of the NCBs in Bangladesh had an increasing trend during 1972-86 and the productivity of the selected private banks showed better situation when compared with that of NCBs during the period under study.But, his study had limitations and in no way that reflected the total productivity trend of the commercial banking sector as a whole. Bhattacharjee and Saha(1989) in their joint eff0rt titled, An Evaluation of Performance of NCBs In Banglades h tried to measure the performance of NCBs for th1973-1987. They analyzed the performance of NCBs on the basis of five sets of indicators. They are (a) General business measures in ground of total business, deposit, advances, gross income and net profit (b) Social profitability measures in terms of deposit mobilization (time deposit), branch expansion. (number of branches) and employment generation (c) Branch Performance Measures in terms of profit per branch, deposit per branch, business per branch and gross income per branch (d) Employee performance measures in terms of profit per employee, income per employee and business per employee (e) Profitability measures in terms of rate of profit on equity, profit per unit of deposit and profit per unit of advances.The authors found upwards trends in almost all the performance measures. Besides, inter bank and intra bank variations in performance measures were also observed by them. Observing means and standard deviations of selected mea sures in NCBs , the authors reported that the NCBs could maintain the rising trends. They mentioned that in spite of disinvestment of two NCBs and growing importance attached to the development of private banking, the NCBs still played a dominant role in the banking sector. They hoped that achievement of the NCB sector may further be enhanced if due care is taken to improve the existing planning and monitoring system of relative operational performance aspects of thee banks.Abedin(1990) in his book titled Commercial Banking in Bangladesh A division of commercial Study of Disparities of Regional and Sectoral Growth Trends(1846-1986), examined the role of commercial banks under the private ownership(1846-1970) in increasing regional and sectoral disparities in rendering the banking services in Bangladesh. He also investigated the part played by the commercial banks under the public ownership(1971-1986) in mitigating any such disparities. In this perspective the author tried to critic ally examine the growth trends of banking facilities in Bangladesh for the period from 1846 to 1986. This study analysed the impacts of nationalization of commercial banks on different regions and sectors of Bangladesh economy after the independence of the country. The author identify some factors influencing credit deployment such as legal requirements of cash reserve, political pressure on the bank executive etc.There are some other important factors, which should not be overlooked. Such as, motivation factor of the bank executives, job security, honesty etc. The study rightly identified that, regional economic disparities led to the growth of regional imbalances in the distribution of banking facilities. The political economy of the monetary policy and banking was also responsible for this(page 260). To discuss about limitations it can be said that, within the scope of a single thesis, to deal with a large number of issues is neither possible nor desirable. The author admitted th at many current issues of banking operations could not be analyzed in this dissertation. It would be more worthy and specific if some of the key issues were mentioned.Chowdhury(1990) in his dissertation titled An Evaluation of the Performance of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh assessed the overall contribution of the commercial banks in the financial development of Bangladesh. He analyzed the trend of commercial banks branch expansion, deposit mobilization and deployment of credit for the period 1972-86. The productivity and profitability aspects of the Nationalised Commercial Banks (NCBs) and Private Commercial Banks(PCBs) for the period 1983-1986(covering a period of four years) were also examined in the dissertation. The study covered all commercial banks excluding foreign and Islamic banks and used secondary data. The study stated that the growth pattern of the financial development and the contribution of commercial banks towards financial development in Bangladesh was not only uneven but also very slow.The study observed that the growth and development of commercial banking in Bangladesh during 1972-86 was not satisfactory. The author observed that the trends of moolah, profitability and productivity of the commercial banks, over the entire reference period, were characterized by uneven variations indicating unsystematic and unpremeditated business expansion of the commercial banks. The study identified that the frequent variations in the burden of the commercial banks was mainly responsible for the uneven trends in profits and profitability. comparable any other study , the study had also some shortcomings. The post denationalization and privatization period 1983-86 (four years) was too short in comparison to the pre denationalization or nationalized period 1972-1982 (11 years). The period considered (1983-1986 i.e. four years)for the comparative analysis between the performance of NCBs and PCBs was very early to mature. Since the study measured the pr oductivity and profitability performance using single measures such as ratio of net profit volume of working fund, ratio of total income to total expenditure and ratio of total income to custody expenses, those measures had limits to justify the results. If some additional measures had been used, then the results might be more realistic. So this study has some limitations and inadequacies which are expected to be minimized in the present study.Moniruzzaman and Rahman(1991) made a comparative study of pre and post denationalization periods in the article titled, Profitability Performance of Denationalized Banks- A Comparative Study of the Pre and office staff Denationalization Periods. They Observed that the profitability performance of Uttora Bank Limited and Rupali Bank Limited became unsatisfactory after denationalization. But in the case of Pubali Bank Limited, they observed a Decreasing trend before denationalization and increasing trend after denationalization. The limitation s of the paper are that, they had taken into consideration a very short period of three years before and three years after denationalization of the two banks. They did not try to find out why profits of those denationalized banks (Uttora, and Rupali Bank limted) were falling. They used the variables like total expenses , total income, net income and total assets only. They ignored other important variables, such as deposits, advances, number of Bank branches, number if employees etc. So the study was very limited and incomplete.